Glass and Glass-ceramics based on Weathered Basaltic Rock for Radiation Shielding Applications

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-749125/v1

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Glass and Glass-ceramics based on Weathered Basaltic Rock for Radiation Shielding Applications

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-749125/v1

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Different batches of weathered basalt ranging from 100 to 50%, in combination with by-pass cement dust, were used to prepare the glass compositions. Different techniques used, such as differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, density, FTIR, the mass attenuation coefficients, appropriate atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff), were examined for the prepared glass and glass-ceramics samples at different photon energies.. In the present study, it was revealed that as the molar volume decreases, the density increases. The experimental and theoretical effects of the mass attenuation component were mostly consistent at different energies. Results revealed that glass samples (WB100) having a higher percentage of basaltic rocks present higher radiation protection than those with a lower rate (WB50). In addition, glass-ceramics displayed enhanced radiation and gamma rays protection than glass. Therefore, we recommend using glass ceramics containing 100% Basalt as a protective shield against rays with less thickness and higher protection.

Chemical Engineering

Materials Chemistry

Gamma-ray

Shielding

basalt

Mass attenuation coefficient

Half-value layer

Effective atomic number

Table.1

Chemical analysis of raw materials used (wt%)

Elements	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	TiO₂	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O
Weathered Basalt	37.85	11.51	23.93	2.37	11.85	4.37	2.05	1.11
Bypass cement	19.03	4.97	3.37	2.23	48.77	0.78	1.67	4.52

Table 2

Chemical composition of the studied glasses (mol. %)

Calculated Composition (mol.%)								Raw material used		Glass ID
K₂O	Na₂O	MgO	CaO	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Bypass %	WB %	Glass ID
0.78	2.34	8.59	16.41	2.34	11.72	8.59	49.22	0.00	100	WB100
0.77	2.31	7.69	21.54	2.31	10.77	8.46	46.15	10	90	WB90
1.54	2.31	6.92	26.15	2.31	9.23	7.69	43.85	20	80	WB80
1.53	2.29	6.11	31.30	2.29	8.40	6.87	41.22	30	70	WB70
2.26	2.26	5.26	36.09	2.26	7.52	6.77	37.59	40	60	WB60
2.26	2.26	4.51	40.60	2.26	6.77	6.02	35.34	50	50	WB50
Where: WB= weathered basalt

Table 3

X-ray diffraction of crystalline phases developed in the investigated glasses at 1000⁰C, 2 h

Glass No	Heat treatment parameters ( ̊ C,h )	Phases developed
WB100	1000 ̊C , 2 h	Diopside, Anorthite, Wollastonite, Magnetite, Hematite
WB90	1000 ̊C , 2 h	Diopside, Anorthite, Wollastonite, Magnetite, Hematite
WB80	1000 ̊C , 2 h	Diopside, Anorthite, Wollastonite, Magnetite, Hematit
WB70	1000 ̊C , 2 h	Diopside, Anorthite, Wollastonite, Magnetite, Hematite
WB60	1000 ̊C , 2 h	Diopside, , Wollastonite, Magnetite, Hematite,Gehlenite

Table 4

De-convolution parameter of the infrared spectra of investigated glasses (C) is the component band center and (A) is the area.

Peak assignments		100 Baslt		50 Basalt
	Peaks		Peaks
Silicate groups	Area	Position	Area	Position
be attributed to bending modes of Si–O–Si or O–Si–O.	105 7.09	417 420	85	484
			-	-
assigned to Si–O–Si symmetric stretching vibrations of bridging oxygens between tetrahedra			32	725
related to Si–O– stretching with nonbridging oxygens.	26 190	929 968	173	911
symmetric stretching of Si -O- Si bonds .	166	1157	139	1080
assigned to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of the silicate tetrahedral network	-	-	67	1237
The weak peak at 1350–1450 cm−1 is related to a carbonate group and the peak at 1620–1650 cm−1 is due to molecular water.	30 23	1405 1322	19 15	1396 1616

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Editorial decision: Major revisions
29 Aug, 2021
Reviews received at journal
26 Jul, 2021
Reviewers invited by journal
26 Jul, 2021
Editor assigned by journal
26 Jul, 2021
First submitted to journal
24 Jul, 2021

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Glass and Glass-ceramics based on Weathered Basaltic Rock for Radiation Shielding Applications

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