Aaron, S. D., Boulet, L. P., Reddel, H. K., & Gershon, A. S. (2018). Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of asthma. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 198(8), 1012-1020. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201804-0682CI
Anderson, H. M., & Jackson, D. J. (2017). Microbes, allergic sensitization, and the natural history of asthma. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology, 17(2), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000338
Atsou, K., Chouaid, C., & Hejblum, G. (2011). Variability of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease key epidemiological data in Europe: systematic review. BMC medicine, 9, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-7
Bhattacharjee, S., Haldar, P., Gopal Maity, S., Debnath, S., Moitra, S., Saha, S., Mitra, R., Annesi-Maesano, I., Garcia-Aymerich, J., & Moitra, S. (2018). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma and Allergy-Related Diseases among Adolescents (PERFORMANCE) study: rationale and methods. ERJ open research, 4(2), 00034-2018. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00034-2018
Bousquet, P. J., Chinn, S., Janson, C., Kogevinas, M., Burney, P., Jarvis, D., & European Community Respiratory Health Survey I (2007). Geographical variation in the prevalence of positive skin tests to environmental aeroallergens in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I. Allergy, 62(3), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01293.x
Bousquet, J., Kiley, J., Bateman, E. D., Viegi, G., Cruz, A. A., Khaltaev, N., Aït Khaled, N., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Barreto, M. L., Billo, N., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Chavannes, N., Chuchalin, A., Drazen, J., Fabbri, L. M., Gerbase, M. W., Humbert, M., Joos, G., Masjedi, M. R., Makino, S., To, T., & Zhi, L. (2010). Prioritised research agenda for prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases. The European respiratory journal, 36(5), 995–1001. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00012610
Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, A. S., & Charlton, M. E. (1996). Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Geographical analysis, 28(4), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1996.tb00936.x
Cortés, X., Soriano, J. B., Sánchez-Ramos, J. L., Azofra, J., Almar, E., & Ramos, J. (1998). European study of asthma. Prevalence of atopy in young adults of 5 areas in Spain. Spanish Group of European Asthma Study. Medicina clínica, 111(15), 573-577.
Cromley, E. K., & McLafferty, S. L. (2011). GIS and public health. Guilford Press.
Buist, A. S., McBurnie, M. A., Vollmer, W. M., Gillespie, S., Burney, P., Mannino, D. M., Menezes, A. M., Sullivan, S. D., Lee, T. A., Weiss, K. B., Jensen, R. L., Marks, G. B., Gulsvik, A., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., & BOLD Collaborative Research Group (2007). International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet (London, England), 370(9589), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61377-4
Darrow, L. A., Hess, J., Rogers, C. A., Tolbert, P. E., Klein, M., & Sarnat, S. E. (2012). Ambient pollen concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma and wheeze. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 130(3), 630–638.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.020
Dahlgren, G., & Whitehead, M. (1991). Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Stockholm: Institute for future studies, 1-69.
Diab, N., Gershon, A. S., Sin, D. D., Tan, W. C., Bourbeau, J., Boulet, L. P., & Aaron, S. D. (2018). Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 198(9), 1130-1139. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201804-0621CI
Douglas, J. A., Archer, R. S., & Alexander, S. E. (2019). Ecological determinants of respiratory health: Examining associations between asthma emergency department visits, diesel particulate matter, and public parks and open space in Los Angeles, California. Preventive medicine reports, 14, 100855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100855
Dodd, K. E., Wood, J., & Mazurek, J. M. (2020). Mortality Among Persons with Both Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Aged ≥25 Years, by Industry and Occupation - United States, 1999-2016. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(22), 670–679. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6922a3
Ellison-Loschmann, L., Sunyer, J., Plana, E., Pearce, N., Zock, J. P., Jarvis, D., Janson, C., Antó, J. M., Kogevinas, M., & European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2007). Socioeconomic status, asthma and chronic bronchitis in a large community-based study. The European respiratory journal, 29(5), 897–905. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00101606
European Community Respiratory Health Survey II Steering Committee [ECRHS] (2002). The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The European respiratory journal, 20(5), 1071–1079. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00046802
Fotheringham, A.S., Brunsdon, C., & Charlton, M.E. (2002). Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Wiley, Chichester.
Executive Committee GEMA 2009 [GEMA] (2010). GEMA 2009 (Spanish guideline on the management of asthma). Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology, 20 Suppl 1, 1–59.
Gayle, A. V., Quint, J. K., & Fuertes, E. I. (2021). Understanding the relationships between environmental factors and exacerbations of COPD. Expert review of respiratory medicine, 15(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2020.1801426
George, M., Bruzzese, J. M., & Matura, L. A. (2017). Climate Change Effects on Respiratory Health: Implications for Nursing. Journal of nursing scholarship: an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 49(6), 644–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12330
Gershon, A. S., Dolmage, T. E., Stephenson, A., & Jackson, B. (2012). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and socioeconomic status: a systematic review. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9(3), 216-226. https://doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2011.648030.
Gibson, G. J., Loddenkemper, R., Lundbäck, B., & Sibille, Y. (2013). Respiratory health and disease in Europe: the new European Lung White Book. The European respiratory journal, 42(3), 559–563. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00105513
GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators (2017). Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 5(9), 691–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/S22132600(17)30293-X
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability 1990-2016. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2017.
Guo, B., Wang, Y., Pei, L., Yu, Y., Liu, F., Zhang, D., Wang, X., Su, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, B., & Guo, H. (2021). Determining the effects of socioeconomic and environmental determinants on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality using geographically and temporally weighted regression model across Xi'an during 2014-2016. The Science of the total environment, 756, 143869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143869
Halbert, R. J., Natoli, J. L., Gano, A., Badamgarav, E., Buist, A. S., & Mannino, D. M. (2006). Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. The European respiratory journal, 28(3), 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00124605
Hansel, N. N., McCormack, M. C., & Kim, V. (2016). The Effects of Air Pollution and Temperature on COPD. COPD, 13(3), 372– 379. https://doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2015.1089846
Health Effects Institute (2019). State of Global Air 2019: Special Report on global exposure to air pollution and its disease burden. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga_2019_report.pdf
Hurvich, C. M., Simonoff, J. S., & Tsai, C. L. (1998). Smoothing parameter selection in nonparametric regression using an improved Akaike information criterion. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 60(2), 271-293. 60, 271–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00125
Jenkins, C. R., Celli, B., Anderson, J. A., Ferguson, G. T., Jones, P. W., Vestbo, J., Yates, J. C., & Calverley, P. M. (2012). Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study. The European respiratory journal, 39(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00194610
José, B. P., Camargos, P. A., Cruz Filho, Á. A., & Corrêa, R. (2014). Diagnostic accuracy of respiratory diseases in primary health units. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992), 60(6), 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.06.021
Kauhl, B., Maier, W., Schweikart, J., Keste, A., & Moskwyn, M. (2018). Who is where at risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? A spatial epidemiological analysis of health insurance claims for COPD in Northeastern Germany. PloS one, 13(2), e0190865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190865
Koppelman G. H. (2006). Gene by environment interaction in asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports, 6(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-006-0047-y
Kitinoja, M. A., Hugg, T. T., Siddika, N., Rodriguez Yanez, D., Jaakkola, M. S., & Jaakkola, J. (2020). Short-term exposure to pollen and the risk of allergic and asthmatic manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open, 10(1), e029069. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029069
Kumarihamy, R. M. K., & Tripathi, N. K. (2019). Geostatistical predictive modelling for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using socioeconomic and environmental determinants. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7417-0
Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Foreman, K., Lim, S., Shibuya, K., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Adair, T., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., Alvarado, M., Anderson, H. R., Anderson, L. M., Andrews, K. G., Atkinson, C., Baddour, L. M., Barker-Collo, S., Bartels, D. H., Bell, M. L., Benjamin, E. J., … Memish, Z. A. (2012). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 380(9859), 2095–2128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
Lundbäck, B., Backman, H., Lötvall, J., & Rönmark, E. (2016). Is asthma prevalence still increasing? Expert review of respiratory medicine, 10(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1586/17476348.2016.1114417
Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E., & Goldblatt, P. (2012). WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. The Lancet, 380(9846), 1011-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61228-8
Martínez-Moragón, E., Serra-Batllés, J., De Diego, A., Palop, M., Casan, P., Rubio-Terrés, C., ... & AsmaCost Study Group. (2009). Economic cost of treating the patient with asthma in Spain: the AsmaCost study. Archivos de Bronconeumología ((English Edition)), 45(10), 481-486.
Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS medicine, 3(11), e442. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442
Miravitlles, M., Murio, C., Guerrero, T., & Gisbert, R. (2003). Costs of chronic bronchitis and COPD: a 1-year follow-up study. Chest, 123(3), 784–791. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.3.784
Miravitlles, M., Soriano, J. B., García-Río, F., Muñoz, L., Duran-Tauleria, E., Sanchez, G., Sobradillo, V., & Ancochea, J. (2009). Prevalence of COPD in Spain: impact of undiagnosed COPD on quality of life and daily life activities. Thorax, 64(10), 863–868. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2009.115725
Miravitlles, M., Soler-Cataluña, J. J., Calle, M., Molina, J., Almagro, P., Quintano, J. A., ... & Ancochea, J. (2014). Guía española de la EPOC (GesEPOC). Actualización 2014. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 50, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-2896(14)70070-5
Nakaya, T., Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C., y Charlton, M. (2005). Geographically weighted Poisson regression for disease association mapping. Statistics in medicine, 24(17), 2695-2717. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2129
Plaza, V., Alonso, S., Alvarez, C., Gomez-Outes, A., Gómez, F., López, A., Molina, J., Pellegrini, F. J., Plaza, J., Quintano, J. A., Quirce, S., Sanz, J. S., Soler, R., & Villa, J. S. (2016). SPANISH GUIDELINE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology, 26 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), 1–92. https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.0065
Rajan, S., Gogtay, N. J., Konwar, M., & Thatte, U. M. (2020). The global initiative for asthma guidelines (2019): change in the recommendation for the management of mild asthma based on the SYGMA-2 trial - A critical appraisal. Lung India: official organ of Indian Chest Society, 37(2), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_308_19
Raju, S., Keet, C. A., Paulin, L. M., Matsui, E. C., Peng, R. D., Hansel, N. N., & McCormack, M. C. (2019). Rural Residence and Poverty Are Independent Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 199(8), 961–969. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201807-1374OC
Sáenz, J. G., Jiménez, J. Q., Requena, A. H., Béjar, M. G., Callejas, M. G., Urunuela, M. Z., ... & García, R. H. (2014). Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: morbimortalidad e impacto sanitario. SEMERGEN-Medicina de Familia, 40(4), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2013.12.009
Scherber, K., Langner, M., & Endlicher, W. (2014). Spatial analysis of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during summer months in Berlin taking bioclimatic and socioeconomic aspects into account. DIE ERDE–Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin, 144, 217–237. https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-144-16
Schulz, A., & Northridge, M. E. (2004). Social determinants of health: implications for environmental health promotion. Health education & behavior, 31(4), 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104265598
Sobradillo-Peña, V., Miravitlles, M., Gabriel, R., Jiménez-Ruiz, C. A., Villasante, C., Masa, J. F., Viejo, J. L., & Fernández-Fau, L. (2000). Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study. Chest, 118(4), 981–989. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.981
Soriano, J. B., Ancochea, J., Miravitlles, M., García-Río, F., Duran-Tauleria, E., Muñoz, L., Jiménez-Ruiz, C. A., Masa, J. F., Viejo, J. L., Villasante, C., Fernández-Fau, L., Sánchez, G., & Sobradillo-Peña, V. (2010). Recent trends in COPD prevalence in Spain: a repeated cross-sectional survey 1997-2007. The European respiratory journal, 36(4), 758–765. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00138409
Soumagne, T., Degano, B., Guillien, A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Andujar, P., Hue, S., Adotevi, O., Jouneau, S., Botebol, M., Laplante, J. J., Roche, N., & Dalphin, J. C. (2020). Characterization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in dairy farmers. Environmental research, 188, 109847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109847
Sunyer, J., Spix, C., Quénel, P., Ponce-de-León, A., Pönka, A., Barumandzadeh, T., Touloumi, G., Bacharova, L., Wojtyniak, B., Vonk, J., Bisanti, L., Schwartz, J., & Katsouyanni, K. (1997). Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA Project. Thorax, 52(9), 760–765. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.52.9.760
Syamlal, G., Bhattacharya, A., & Dodd, K. E. (2020). Medical Expenditures Attributed to Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Workers—United States, 2011–2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(26), 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6926a1
The Global Asthma Report 2018. Auckland, New Zealand: Global Asthma Network, 2018.
To, T., Stanojevic, S., Moores, G., Gershon, A. S., Bateman, E. D., Cruz, A. A., & Boulet, L. P. (2012). Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC public health, 12, 204. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12204
Urrutia, I., Aguirre, U., Sunyer, J., Plana, E., Muniozguren, N., Martínez-Moratalla, J., Payo, F., Maldonado, J.A., Anto, J. M. & “El grupo español del Estudio Europeo de Salud Respiratoria de la Comunidad Europea” (2007). Cambios en la prevalencia de asma en la población española del Estudio de Salud Respiratoria de la Comunidad Europea (ECRHS-II). Archivos de Bronconeumología, 43(8), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.1157/13108781
Vogelmeier, C. F., Criner, G. J., Martinez, F. J., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Bourbeau, J., Celli, B. R., Chen, R., Decramer, M., Fabbri, L. M., Frith, P., Halpin, D. M., López Varela, M. V., Nishimura, M., Roche, N., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., Sin, D. D., Singh, D., Stockley, R., Vestbo, J., & Agustí, A. (2017). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report. GOLD Executive Summary. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 195(5), 557–582. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201701-0218PP
World Health Organization (2010). World health statistics 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS08_Full.pdf.
World Health Organization. (2016). Ambient air pollution: a global assessment of exposure and burden of disease. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/250141.