See the published version of this article at BMC Surgery.
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Research article
Jinfu Tu
Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital: The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-2805
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Surgery.
Background: Gallbladder cancer is a rare but highly malignant cancer, which often progresses to a metastatic stage when diagnosed because of its asymptomatic manifestation. In this study, we intended to analyze the prognostic value of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA) with site-specific metastases.
Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, GBA patients diagnosed with metastases between 2010 and 2016 were selected to identify the prognosis according to the isolated metastatic sites, including liver, lung, bone, brain and distant lymph nodes (DL). Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to find out independent factors that associated with survival.
Results: Data from 1526 eligible patients were extracted from the SEER database. Among the patients, 788 (51.6%) had isolated liver metastases, 80 (5.2%) had isolated distant nodal involvement, 45 (2.9%) had isolated lung metastases, 21 (1.4%) had isolated bone metastases, 2 (0.1%) had isolated brain metastases and 590 (38.7%) had multiple metastases. No significant survival difference was shown between patients with single or multisite metastases (P>0.05). Patients with isolated lung or DL metastases had significant better survival outcomes than those with isolated bone metastases (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that performing surgery at primary site, receiving chemotherapy were associated with better OS and CSS for patients with isolated liver or DL metastases.
Conclusions: The study showed that different metastatic sites affect survival outcomes in metastatic GBA patients. Highly selected subset of patients with liver or DL metastases might benefit from surgery at primary site.
Keywords
SEER, metastases, gallbladder cancer, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, prognosis, surgical treatment
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On 23 Jan, 2021
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On 18 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Jan, 2021
Version (no preprint)
Posted 07 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 07 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 07 Jan, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 07 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 01 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 27 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 12 Sep, 2020
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Subject Areas
Surgery
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Surgery. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Jinfu Tu
Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital: The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-2805
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Published
On 23 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 18 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Jan, 2021
Version (no preprint)
Posted 07 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 07 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 07 Jan, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 07 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 01 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 27 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 12 Sep, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Surgery
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Surgery.
Background: Gallbladder cancer is a rare but highly malignant cancer, which often progresses to a metastatic stage when diagnosed because of its asymptomatic manifestation. In this study, we intended to analyze the prognostic value of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA) with site-specific metastases.
Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, GBA patients diagnosed with metastases between 2010 and 2016 were selected to identify the prognosis according to the isolated metastatic sites, including liver, lung, bone, brain and distant lymph nodes (DL). Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to find out independent factors that associated with survival.
Results: Data from 1526 eligible patients were extracted from the SEER database. Among the patients, 788 (51.6%) had isolated liver metastases, 80 (5.2%) had isolated distant nodal involvement, 45 (2.9%) had isolated lung metastases, 21 (1.4%) had isolated bone metastases, 2 (0.1%) had isolated brain metastases and 590 (38.7%) had multiple metastases. No significant survival difference was shown between patients with single or multisite metastases (P>0.05). Patients with isolated lung or DL metastases had significant better survival outcomes than those with isolated bone metastases (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that performing surgery at primary site, receiving chemotherapy were associated with better OS and CSS for patients with isolated liver or DL metastases.
Conclusions: The study showed that different metastatic sites affect survival outcomes in metastatic GBA patients. Highly selected subset of patients with liver or DL metastases might benefit from surgery at primary site.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
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