[1].Weigelt JA, Lipsky BA, Tabak YP Derby KG, Kim M, Gupta V. Surgical Site Infections: causative pathogens and associated outcomes. Am J Infect Control. 2010 Mar 1;38(2):112–20.
[2].Stone PW, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Herzig CT, Weiner LM, Furuya EY, Dick A, et al. State of infection prevention in US hospitals enrolled in the National Health and Safety Network. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(2):94–99.
[3].Yang K, Han Q, Chen B,Zheng Y, Zhang K, Li Q, et al. Antimicrobial hydrogels: promising materials for medical application. Int J Nanomedicine 2018;13
[4].Horn SR, Liu TC, Horowitz JA,Oh C, Bortz CA, Segreto FA, et al. Clinical Impact and Economic Burden of Hospital-Acquired Conditions Following Common Surgical Procedures. Spine(Phila Pa 1976) 2018 Nov 15;43(22)
[5].Bozic KJ, Kurtz SM, Lau E, Ong K, Chiu V, Vail TP,et al. The epidemiology of revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:128–133.
[6].Zheng H, Yang B, Wu X,Huang J, Zeng W, Xue Y, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoear isolates from Guangzhou, China, during 2002–2011. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2014;67:288–91.
[7].Jones RN.Resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years.Chest. 2001 Feb;119(2 Suppl):397S-404S.
[8].Chen K, Huang Y, Song Q, Wu C, Chen X, Zeng L. Drug-resistance dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus between 2008 and 2014 at a tertiary teaching hospital, Jiangxi Province, China. BMC Infectious Diseases (2017) 17:97
[9].Tian L, Sun Z, Zhang Z, Antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial bloodstream infection in Hubei Province, China, from 2014 to 2016: a multicenter retrospective study. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:1121.
[10].Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014 (WHO). Available
at www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/amr-report/en/.
[11].Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. Mortality and delay in effective therapy associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60(5):913–20.
[12].Bastola R, Parajuli P, Neupane A, et al . Surgical site infections: Distribution studies of sample, outcome and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J Med Microbiol Diagn. 2017;6:2161–703.
[13].World Health Organization. Department of Communicable Disease,Surveillance and Response, Prevention of Hospital-acquired Infections.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. Publication WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.12
[14].Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Twenty-sixth Informational Supplement, M100-S26. Wayne, PA: Clin Lab Stand Institute; 2016.
[15].Bhardwaj N,Khurana S,Kumari M,Malhotra R, Mathur P.Pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacilli in surgical site infections in in-patients and out-patients at an apex trauma Center: 2013–2016.J Lab Physicians. 2018 Oct-Dec;10(4):432-436.
[16].Saravanan R, Raveendaran V. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in a tertiary care hospital: An observational study.J Basic Clin Pharm. 2013 Jun;4(3):56-63
[17].Sarker MM, Saha SK, Saha SC,Naushad AN, Ajmery S, Roy P,et al. Current Trends of Using Antimicrobials and Their Sensitivity Pattern in Infectious Cases at Department of Orthopedics in a Tertiary Care Hospital.Mymensingh Med J. 2017 Jul;26(3):530-540.
[18].Oli AN, Akabueze VB, Ezeudu CE, Eleje GU, Ejiofor OS, Ezebialu IU,et al. Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria. Open Microbiol J. 2017 Oct 31;11:292-300.
[19].Zhang B, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang X, Fu W. Microbiologic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria from hospitalized trauma patients who survived Wenchuan earthquake.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Oct;31(10):2529-35
[20].Harris PNA, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Mo Y, Lee TH,Yilmaz M,et al. Effect of Piperacillin-Tazobactam vs Meropenem on 30-Day Mortality for Patients With E coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection and Ceftriaxone Resistance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA. 2018 Sep 11;320(10):984-994.
[21].Umadevi S, Kandhakumari G, Joseph NM,et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing gram negative bacilli. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5:236–9.
[22].Wang M, Wei H, Zhao Y,Shang L,Di L,Lyu C,et al.Analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria in 3223 patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) from a tertiary general hospital in China.Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019 Feb 12;19(1):86-93
[23].Manzur A, Tubau F, Pujol M, Calatayud L, Dominguez MA, Pena C, et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(8):2365–9.
[24].Jamshidi M, Javadpour S, Eftekhari TE, et al .Antimicrobial resistance pattern among intensive care unit patients. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2009;3:590–4.
[25].Saravanan R, Arun Muthukumar GL. A surveillance study of antibiotic use in Pondicherry-2012. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2012;1:202–10.
[26].Andreu A, Alós JI, Gobernado ME,Marco F, de la Rosa M, García-Rodríguez JA,et al. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility among uropathogens causing community-acquired lower urinary tract infections: a nationwide surveillance study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2005 Jan;23(1):4-9.
[27].Kim ES, Kim HB, Kim G, Kim KH, Park KH, Lee S,et al. Clinical and epidemiological factors associated with methicillin resistance in communityonset invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections: prospective multicenter cross-sectional study in Korea. Plos one. 2014;9:e114127.
[28].Roberts S, Chambers S. Diagnosis and management of Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and soft tissue. Intern Med J. 2005;35(s2):S97–S105.
[29].Sader HS, Mendes RE, Pfaller MA, Flamm RK. Antimicrobial activity of dalbavancin tested against Gram-positive organisms isolated from patients with infective endocarditis in US and European medical centres.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Feb 7.
[30].Rammelkamp CH, Maxon T. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the action of penicillin. Exp Biol Med. 1942;51(3):386–369.
[31].Walters MS, Eggers P, Albrecht V,Travis T,Lonsway D,Hovan G,et al. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Delaware, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Sep 25;64(37):1056.
[32].Bubonja-Sonje M, Matovina M, Skrobonja I,Bedenic B, Abram M. Mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Croatian hospital. Microb Drug Resist. 2015;21(3):261–9.
[33].Carver DC, Kuehn SB, Weinlein JC. Role of systemic and local antibiotics in the treatment of open fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2017 ;48(2):137-53.
[34].Ruscher C, Pfeifer Y, Layer F,Schaumann R, Levin K, Mielke M. Inguinal skin colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria among residents of elderly care facilities: Frequency, persistence, molecular analysis and clinical impact. Int J Med Microbiol 2014;304(8):1123-34