Ethics approval and consent to participate:
The Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of each research centre approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Where participants were underage, an assent form was signed by themselves, with legal guardians providing the informed consent in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.
Consent for publication:
We hereby verify that the manuscript has not been submitted or accepted elsewhere. All authors have given consent for its publication.
Availability of data and material:
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Competing interests:
a) NeuroCoRISpe group declare no competing financial interest.
b) The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg group have no
competing interests that could be construed as influencing the contents of this paper. However, the authors list the following general potential conflicts of interest:
HZ has served on scientific advisory boards for Denali, Roche Diagnostics, Wave, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Pinteon Therapeutics and CogRx, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Fujirebio, Alzecure and Biogen, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work).
KB has served as a consultant, at advisory boards, or at data monitoring committees for Abcam, Axon, Biogen, JOMDD/Shimadzu. Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program.
MG reports personal fees (scientific advisory boards, lectures) from Gilead Sciences, GSK/ViiV, MSD, Biogen, Amgen, Novocure, Novo Nordic and research grants from Gilead Sciences, all outside the submitted work.
Funding:
a) NeuroCoRispe group and Spanish HIV HGM BioBank:
This work was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Acción Estratégica en Salud [FIS 15/00694] and Fondos FEDER of the UE. CoRISpe is integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS), supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [RD16/0025/0017-ISCIII-FEDER,RD16/0025/0019-ISCIII-FEDER, RD16/0025/0024-ISCIII-FEDER and RIS -EPICLIN12/2012] ;BRS was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Contratos Rio Hortega CM 16/00224). This study takes part of the BRS PhD at Universidad de Alcalá (Madrid, Spain).
b) Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg group:
This work was supported by the Swedish state, under an agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils (ALF agreement ALFGBG-717531).
HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532), the European Research Council (#681712), Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer's Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C and #ADSF-21-831377-C), the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2019-0228), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL.
KB is supported by the Swedish Research Council (#2017-00915), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#RDAPB-201809-2016615), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986), and European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236).
Authors' contributions:
BRS, MMB, MGT, MM conceptualized and designed the study, participated in analysis and interpretation of the data, drafted the initial manuscript and contributed and approved the final manuscript as submitted. BRS, MMB, MG, HZ, KB, AMA, SOJ, SAL, MAM, HM, JTR, MLN, MIGT were involved in the provision of study subjects, reviewed the manuscript drafts, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. All authors read and approved the final manuscript
Acknowledgments
This study would not have been possible without the collaboration of all the participants, medical and nursing staff, and data managers who have taken part in Neurocorispe Project of The Pediatric National AIDS Research Network of Spain (CORISPE). This work has been performed in collaboration with Biobank Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGM) and the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden