1. Morens, D. M., Folkers, G. K. & Fauci, A. S. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature 430, 242–249 (2004).
2. Baldwin, R. E., Weder, B., & Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain). Economics in the time of COVID-19. (Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Press, 2020).
3. Cutler, D. M. & Summers, L. H. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus. JAMA 324, 1495–1496 (2020).
4. Kaushik, M. & Guleria, N. The Impact of Pandemic COVID -19 in Workplace. Eur. J. Bus. Manag. 12, (2020).
5. Nicola, M. et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int. J. Surg. Lond. Engl. 78, 185–193 (2020).
6. OECD, D. O. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on jobs and incomes in G20 economies. http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/how-the-ilo-works/multilateral-system/g20/reports/WCMS_756331/lang--en/index.htm (2020).
7. Meyer, B. H., Prescott, B. & Sheng, X. S. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business expectations. Int. J. Forecast. (2021) doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2021.02.009.
8. Donthu, N. & Gustafsson, A. Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. J. Bus. Res. 117, 284–289 (2020).
9. Bartik, A. W. et al. The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and expectations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 17656–17666 (2020).
10. Bochtis, D. et al. Agricultural Workforce Crisis in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 12, 8212 (2020).
11. Mueller, J. T. et al. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 118, (2021).
12. Giorgi, G. et al. COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 17, 7857 (2020).
13. Garzaro, G. et al. COVID-19 infection and diffusion among the healthcare workforce in a large university-hospital in northwest Italy. Med. Lav. 111, 184–194 (2020).
14. Campbell, A. M. An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Sci. Int. Rep. 2, 100089 (2020).
15. Leung, C. The difference in the incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection between travelers to Hubei and nontravelers: The need for a longer quarantine period. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 41, 594–596 (2020).
16. Jiang, X., Rayner, S. & Luo, M.-H. Does SARS-CoV-2 has a longer incubation period than SARS and MERS? J. Med. Virol. 92, 476–478 (2020).
17. Kalish, H. et al. Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First Six Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Sci. Transl. Med. eabh3826 (2021) doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3826.
18. Kapp, L. & Jansen, D. J. The Role of the Department of Defense During a Flu Pandemic. 18 www.crs.gov (2009).
19. Junor, L. J. Managing Military Readiness, INSS Strategic Perspectives No 23. (2017).
20. Herrera, G. J. The Fundamentals of Military Readiness. https://crsreports.congress.gov (2020) doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.32215.29606.
21. Trunkey, D. Implications of the Department of Defense Readiness Reporting System. https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/44127_DefenseReadiness.pdf (2013).
22. Thompson, D., Swerdlow, J. & Loeb, C. The Bug Stops Here: Force Protection and Emerging Infectious Diseases. (2005).
23. Meadows, S. O. et al. 2015 Department of Defense Health Related Behaviors Survey (HRBS). RAND Health Q. 8, (2018).
24. Murray, C. K. et al. Operation United Assistance: infectious disease threats to deployed military personnel. Mil. Med. 180, 626–651 (2015).
25. Quer, G. et al. Wearable sensor data and self-reported symptoms for COVID-19 detection. Nat. Med. 27, 73–77 (2021).
26. Mishra, T. et al. Pre-symptomatic detection of COVID-19 from smartwatch data. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 4, 1208–1220 (2020).
27. Hirten, R. P. et al. Use of Physiological Data From a Wearable Device to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptoms and Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis: Observational Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 23, e26107 (2021).
28. Hasty, F. et al. Heart Rate Variability as a Possible Predictive Marker for Acute Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients. Mil. Med. 186, e34–e38 (2021).
29. Smarr, B. L. et al. Feasibility of continuous fever monitoring using wearable devices. Sci. Rep. 10, 21640 (2020).
30. Miller, D. J. et al. Analyzing changes in respiratory rate to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. PLOS ONE 15, e0243693 (2020).
31. Shapiro, A. et al. Characterizing COVID-19 and Influenza Illnesses in the Real World via Person-Generated Health Data. Patterns N. Y. N 2, 100188 (2021).
32. Feng, T. et al. Machine Learning-based Clinical Decision Support for Infection Risk Prediction. Manuscr. Submitt. Publ. (2021).
33. Natarajan, A., Su, H.-W. & Heneghan, C. Assessment of physiological signs associated with COVID-19 measured using wearable devices. Npj Digit. Med. 3, 1–8 (2020).
34. Sharma, O., Sultan, A. A., Ding, H. & Triggle, C. R. A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19. Front. Immunol. 11, 585354 (2020).
35. Mohan, S. V., Hemalatha, M., Kopperi, H., Ranjith, I. & Kumar, A. K. SARS-CoV-2 in environmental perspective: Occurrence, persistence, surveillance, inactivation and challenges. Chem. Eng. J. Lausanne Switz. 1996 405, 126893 (2021).
36. Mooney, G. “A Menace to the Public Health” — Contact Tracing and the Limits of Persuasion. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 1806–1808 (2020).
37. Hashmi, H. A. S. & Asif, H. M. Early Detection and Assessment of Covid-19. Front. Med. 7, (2020).
38. Koehlmoos, T. P., Janvrin, M. L., Korona-Bailey, J., Madsen, C. & Sturdivant, R. COVID-19 Self-Reported Symptom Tracking Programs in the United States: Framework Synthesis. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e23297 (2020).
39. Yu, F. et al. Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 71, 793–798 (2020).
40. Tang, Y.-W., Schmitz, J. E., Persing, D. H. & Stratton, C. W. Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges. J. Clin. Microbiol. 58, (2020).
41. Praharaj, I. et al. Pooled testing for COVID-19 diagnosis by real-time RT-PCR: A multi-site comparative evaluation of 5- & 10-sample pooling. Indian J. Med. Res. 152, 88–94 (2020).
42. Toniolo-Barrios, M. & Pitt, L. Mindfulness and the challenges of working from home in times of crisis. Bus. Horiz. 64, 189–197 (2021).
43. Quilty, B. J., Clifford, S., Flasche, S., Eggo, R. M., & CMMID nCoV working group. Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Euro Surveill. Bull. Eur. Sur Mal. Transm. Eur. Commun. Dis. Bull. 25, (2020).
44. Tirupathi, R., Bharathidasan, K., Palabindala, V., Salim, S. A. & Al-Tawfiq, J. A. Comprehensive review of mask utility and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infez. Med. 28, 57–63 (2020).
45. Eykelbosh, A. Physical Barriers for COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control in Commercial Settings. http://ncceh.ca/content/blog/physical-barriers-covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-commercial-settings (2020) doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.32336.33283.
46. Chen, X. et al. Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 17, (2020).
47. Sum, Z. Z. & Ow, C. J. W. Community pharmacy response to infection control during COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey. Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm. 17, 1845–1852 (2021).
48. Xie, W., Campbell, S. & Zhang, W. Working memory capacity predicts individual differences in social-distancing compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117, 17667–17674 (2020).
49. Baker, M. G., Peckham, T. K. & Seixas, N. S. Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection. PloS One 15, e0232452 (2020).
50. Ives, J. et al. Healthcare workers’ attitudes to working during pandemic influenza: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 9, 56 (2009).