Aktas B, De Wolfe TJ, Tandee K, Safdar N, Darien BJ, Steele JL (2015) The effect of Lactobacillus casei 32G on the mouse cecum microbiota and innate immune response is dose and time dependent. PloS one 10(12):e0145784
Alakomi H-L, Skyttä E, Saarela M, Mattila-Sandholm T, Latva-Kala K, Helander I (2000) Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66(5):2001-2005
Alshelmani M, Loh T, Foo H, Sazili A, Lau W (2016) Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 216:216-224
Bermudez-Brito M, Muñoz-Quezada S, Gomez-Llorente C, Matencio E, Bernal MJ, Romero F, Gil A (2013) Cell-free culture supernatant of Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dendritic cells challenged with Salmonella typhi through TLR activation. PLoS One 8(3):e59370
Chiang G, Lu W, Piao X, Hu J, Gong L, Thacker P (2009) Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asian-australas J Anim Sci 23(2):263-271
Chim-anage P, Hirunvong V, Sirirote P, Malaphan W, Yongsmith B, Isariyodom S, Tirawattanawanich C, Chitanont W, Talsook P (2008) Effect of feed supplementation of lactic acid bacteria on microbial changes in broiler intestine. Agric Nat Resour 42(5):269-276
Choi Y, Lee S, Oh J (2014) Effects of dietary fermented seaweed and seaweed fusiforme on growth performance, carcass parameters and immunoglobulin concentration in broiler chicks. Asian-australas J Anim Sci 27(6):862
Coeuret V, Gueguen M, Vernoux JP (2004) Numbers and strains of lactobacilli in some probiotic products. Int J Food Microbiol 97(2):147-156
Cong Y, Weaver CT, Lazenby A, Elson CO (2002) Bacterial-reactive T regulatory cells inhibit pathogenic immune responses to the enteric flora. J Immunol 169(11):6112-6119
Cooper MD, Peterson RD, South MA, Good RA (1966) The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken. J Exp Med 123(1):75-102
Dewar ML, Arnould JP, Dann P, Trathan P, Groscolas R, Smith S (2013) Interspecific variations in the gastrointestinal microbiota in penguins. Microbiologyopen 2(1):195-204
Drażbo A, Ognik K, Zaworska A, Ferenc K, Jankowski J (2018) The effect of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on the metabolic parameters, immune status, and intestinal morphology of turkeys. Poult Sci 97(11):3910-3920
Fan P, Li L, Rezaei A, Eslamfam S, Che D, Ma X (2015) Metabolites of dietary protein and peptides by intestinal microbes and their impacts on gut. Curr Protein Pept Sci 16(7):646-654
Fan P, Liu P, Song P, Chen X, Ma X (2017) Moderate dietary protein restriction alters the composition of gut microbiota and improves ileal barrier function in adult pig model. Sci Rep 7(1):1-12
Fasina Y, Classen H, Garlich J, Black B, Ferket P, Uni Z, Olkowski A (2006) Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 2. Effect on intestinal development and lymphoid organs. Poult Sci 85(5):870-877
Gao M, Cieślak A, Kierończyk B, Huang H, Yanza YR, Zaworska-Zakrzewska A, Józefiak D, Szumacher-Strabel M (2020) Effects of Raw and Fermented Rapeseed Cake on Growth Performance, Methane Production, and Breast Meat Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Animals 10(12):2250
Hou Y, Wang L, Yi D, Ding B, Yang Z, Li J, Chen X, Qiu Y, Wu G (2013) N-acetylcysteine reduces inflammation in the small intestine by regulating redox, EGF and TLR4 signaling. Amino Acids 45(3):513-522
Ivory K, Chambers S, Pin C, Prieto E, Arques J, Nicoletti C (2008) Oral delivery of Lactobacillus casei Shirota modifies allergen‐induced immune responses in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 38(8):1282-1289
Jazi V, Ashayerizadeh A, Toghyani M, Shabani A, Tellez G (2018) Fermented soybean meal exhibits probiotic properties when included in Japanese quail diet in replacement of soybean meal. Poult Sci 97(6):2113-2122
Kabir SL, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman M, Ahmed S (2004) The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int J Poult Sci 3(5):361-364
Kullberg MC, Jankovic D, Gorelick PL, Caspar P, Letterio JJ, Cheever AW, Sher A (2002) Bacteria-triggered CD4+ T regulatory cells suppress Helicobacter hepaticus–induced colitis. J Exp Med 196(4):505-515
Li C-l, Wang J, Zhang H-j, Wu S-g, Hui Q-r, Yang C-b, Fang R-j, Qi G-h (2019) Intestinal morphologic and microbiota responses to dietary Bacillus spp. in a broiler chicken model. Front Physiol 9:1968
Liu T, She R, Wang K, Bao H, Zhang Y, Luo D, Hu Y, Ding Y, Wang D, Peng K (2008) Effects of rabbit sacculus rotundus antimicrobial peptides on the intestinal mucosal immunity in chickens. Poult Sci 87(2):250-254
Loh T, Law F, Foo H, Goh Y, Zulkifli I (2007) Effects of feeding a fermented product on egg production, faecal microflora and faecal pH in laying hens. J Anim Feed Sci 16(3):452
Makram A, Galal A, Fathi M, El-Attar A (2010) Carcass characteristics and immunocompetence parameters of four commercial broiler strain chickens under summer season of Egypt. Int J Poult Sci 9(2):171-176
Missotten J, Michiels J, Dierick N, Ovyn A, Akbarian A, De Smet S (2013) Effect of fermented moist feed on performance, gut bacteria and gut histo-morphology in broilers. Br Poult Sci 54(5):627-634
Mohnl M (2011) Poultry production: how probiotics can play a role. Feed International 32(5):16-17
Nakphaichit M, Thanomwongwattana S, Phraephaisarn C, Sakamoto N, Keawsompong S, Nakayama J, Nitisinprasert S (2011) The effect of including Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 during post-hatch feeding on the growth and ileum microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 90(12):2753-2765
NRC U (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry. National Academy Press Washington, DC
Oakley BB, Kogut MH (2016) Spatial and temporal changes in the broiler chicken cecal and fecal microbiomes and correlations of bacterial taxa with cytokine gene expression. Front Vet Sci 3:11
SA A-F, El-Sanhoury M, El-Mednay N, Abdel-Azeem F (2008) Thyroid activity, some blood constituents, organs morphology and performance of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acids. Int J Poult Sci 7(3):215-222
Shamoto K, Yamauchi K (2000) Recovery responses of chick intestinal villus morphology to different refeeding procedures. Poult Sci 79(5):718-723
Singhania RR, Patel AK, Thomas L, Pandey A (2017) Solid-state fermentation. Industrial Biotechnology: Products and Processes 4:187-204
Skrede G, Herstad O, Sahlstrøm S, Holck A, Slinde E, Skrede A (2003) Effects of lactic acid fermentation on wheat and barley carbohydrate composition and production performance in the chicken. Anim Feed Sci Technol 105(1-4):135-148
Skrede G, Sahlstrøm S, Skrede A, Holck A, Slinde E (2001) Lactic acid fermentation of wheat and barley whole meal flour modifies carbohydrate composition and increases digestibility in mink (Mustela vison). Anim Feed Sci Technol 90:199-212
Sopková D, Hertelyová Z, Andrejčáková Z, Vlčková R, Gancarčíková S, Petrilla V, Ondrašovičová S, Krešáková L (2017) The application of probiotics and flaxseed promotes metabolism of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pigs. J Appl Anim Res 45(1):93-98
Stanton TB (2013) A call for antibiotic alternatives research. Trends Microbiol 21(3):111-113
Sutcliffe IC (2010) A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol 18(10):464-470
Tang J, Sun H, Yao X, Wu Y, Wang X, Feng J (2012) Effects of replacement of soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of yellow-feathered broilers. Asian-australas J Anim Sci 25(3):393
Wang H, Wang B, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Fu C, Feng X, Wang N, Su M, Tang C, Jiang F (2015) Antibiotic body burden of Chinese school children: a multisite biomonitoring-based study. Environ Sci Technol 49(8):5070-5079
Wang Y, Liu X, Wang H, Li D, Piao X, Lu W (2014) Optimization of processing conditions for solid-state fermented soybean meal and its effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs. Livest Sci 170:91-99
Xia J, Wishart DS (2011) Web-based inference of biological patterns, functions and pathways from metabolomic data using MetaboAnalyst. Nat Protoc 6(6):743-760
Xu F, Zeng X, Ding X (2012) Effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal on performance, serum biochemical variables and intestinal morphology of broilers. Asian-australas J Anim Sci 25(12):1734
Yang Y, Iji P, Choct M (2009) Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Worlds Poult Sci J 65(1):97-114
Yeh RH, Hsieh CW, Chen KL (2018) Screening lactic acid bacteria to manufacture two-stage fermented feed and pelleting to investigate the feeding effect on broilers. Poult Sci 97(1):236-246
Yitbarek A, Weese JS, Alkie TN, Parkinson J, Sharif S (2018) Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 infection disrupts the composition of intestinal microbiota of chickens. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 94(1):fix165
Zhang J, Zhu J, Sun J, Li Y, Wang P, Jiang R, Rahman MRT (2016a) Effect of fermented feed on intestinal morphology, immune status, carcass and growth performance of Emei Black chickens. FASEB J 30:lb240-lb240
Zhang Y, Shi C, Wang C, Lu Z, Wang F, Feng J, Wang Y (2018a) Effect of soybean meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis BS12 on growth performance and small intestinal immune status of piglets. Food Agr Immunol 29(1):133-146
Zhang Z, Lv J, Pan L, Zhang Y (2018b) Roles and applications of probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102(19):8135-8143