Ahmed, Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Hanif, Mukarram Jamat Ali, Muhammad Adnan Haider, Danish Kherani, Gul Muhammad Memon, Amin H. Karim, and Abdul Sattar. 2020. 'Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review', 11.
Amarante-Mendes, Gustavo P., Sandy Adjemian, Laura Migliari Branco, Larissa C. Zanetti, Ricardo Weinlich, and Karina R. Bortoluci. 2018. 'Pattern Recognition Receptors and the Host Cell Death Molecular Machinery', Frontiers in Immunology, 9.
Anthony, D. C., Y. Couch, P. Losey, and M. C. Evans. 2012. 'The systemic response to brain injury and disease', Brain Behav Immun, 26: 534–40.
Arbour, N., R. Day, J. Newcombe, and P. J. Talbot. 2000. 'Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses', J Virol, 74: 8913–21.
Aronsson, F., H. Karlsson, H. G. Ljunggren, and K. Kristensson. 2001. 'Persistence of the influenza A/WSN/33 virus RNA at midbrain levels of immunodefective mice', J Neurovirol, 7: 117–24.
Baig, Abdul Mannan, Areeba Khaleeq, Usman Ali, and Hira Syeda. 2020. 'Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host–Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms', ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 11: 995–98.
Barbosa-Silva, M. C., L. E. Santos, and B. Rangel. 2018. 'The Impact of Non-Neurotropic Influenza Strains on the Brain: A Role for Microglial Priming?', J Neurosci, 38: 7758–60.
Billa, R. D., T. Czech, A. Badheka, and M. Chegondi. 2020. 'Influenza B associated acute necrotising encephalopathy with visual impairment in a child', BMJ Case Rep, 13.
Blackmore, S., J. Hernandez, M. Juda, E. Ryder, G. G. Freund, R. W. Johnson, and A. J. Steelman. 2017. 'Influenza infection triggers disease in a genetic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114: E6107-E16.
Blighe K, Rana S, Lewis M. 2020. 'EnhancedVolcano: Publication-ready volcano plots with enhanced colouring and labeling'.
Bohmwald, Karen, Nicolás M. S. Gálvez, Mariana Ríos, and Alexis M. Kalergis. 2018. 'Neurologic Alterations Due to Respiratory Virus Infections', Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 12: 386–86.
Bozza, William P., Yaqin Zhang, Kory Hallett, Leslie A. Rivera Rosado, and Baolin Zhang. 2015. 'RhoGDI deficiency induces constitutive activation of Rho GTPases and COX-2 pathways in association with breast cancer progression', Oncotarget, 6: 32723–36.
Breuer, K., A. K. Foroushani, M. R. Laird, C. Chen, A. Sribnaia, R. Lo, G. L. Winsor, R. E. Hancock, F. S. Brinkman, and D. J. Lynn. 2013. 'InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond–recent updates and continuing curation', Nucleic Acids Res, 41: D1228-33.
Burks, J. S., B. L. DeVald, L. D. Jankovsky, and J. C. Gerdes. 1980. 'Two coronaviruses isolated from central nervous system tissue of two multiple sclerosis patients', Science, 209: 933–4.
Chaves, A. J., J. Vergara-Alert, N. Busquets, R. Valle, R. Rivas, A. Ramis, A. Darji, and N. Majo. 2014. 'Neuroinvasion of the highly pathogenic influenza virus H7N1 is caused by disruption of the blood brain barrier in an avian model', PLOS ONE, 9: e115138.
Chen, Shun, Anchun Cheng, and Mingshu Wang. 2013. 'Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds', Veterinary Research, 44: 82.
Chen, W. W., X. Zhang, and W. J. Huang. 2016. 'Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review)', Mol Med Rep, 13: 3391–6.
Daneman, R., and A. Prat. 2015. 'The blood-brain barrier', Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 7: a020412.
Desforges, M., A. Le Coupanec, P. Dubeau, A. Bourgouin, L. Lajoie, M. Dubé, and P. J. Talbot. 2019. 'Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?', Viruses, 12.
Digard, Paul, Debra Elton, Konrad Bishop, Elizabeth Medcalf, Alan Weeds, and Brian Pope. 1999. 'Modulation of Nuclear Localization of the Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein through Interaction with Actin Filaments', Journal of Virology, 73: 2222–31.
Edwards, K. M., Y. Zhu, M. R. Griffin, G. A. Weinberg, C. B. Hall, P. G. Szilagyi, M. A. Staat, M. Iwane, M. M. Prill, and J. V. Williams. 2013. 'Burden of human metapneumovirus infection in young children', N Engl J Med, 368: 633–43.
Elis, Efrat, Marcelo Ehrlich, and Eran Bacharach. 2015. 'Dynamics and restriction of murine leukemia virus cores in mitotic and interphase cells', Retrovirology, 12: 95.
Erickson, M. A., and W. A. Banks. 2013. 'Blood-brain barrier dysfunction as a cause and consequence of Alzheimer's disease', J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 33: 1500–13.
Espinoza, Janyra A., Karen Bohmwald, Pablo F. Céspedes, Roberto S. Gómez, Sebastián A. Riquelme, Claudia M. Cortés, Javier A. Valenzuela, Rodrigo A. Sandoval, Floria C. Pancetti, Susan M. Bueno, Claudia A. Riedel, and Alexis M. Kalergis. 2013. 'Impaired learning resulting from respiratory syncytial virus infection', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110: 9112–17.
Frensing, Timo, Sascha Y. Kupke, Mandy Bachmann, Susanne Fritzsche, Lili E. Gallo-Ramirez, and Udo Reichl. 2016. 'Influenza virus intracellular replication dynamics, release kinetics, and particle morphology during propagation in MDCK cells', Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100: 7181–92.
Garcia-Monco, J. C., I. E. Cortina, E. Ferreira, A. Martínez, L. Ruiz, A. Cabrera, and M. G. Beldarrain. 2011. 'Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES): what's in a name?', J Neuroimaging, 21: e1-14.
Gupta, Sanhita, Bishnu P. De, Judith A. Drazba, and Amiya K. Banerjee. 1998. 'Involvement of Actin Microfilaments in the Replication of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3', Journal of Virology, 72: 2655–62.
Heneka, M. T., M. J. Carson, J. El Khoury, G. E. Landreth, F. Brosseron, D. L. Feinstein, A. H. Jacobs, T. Wyss-Coray, J. Vitorica, R. M. Ransohoff, K. Herrup, S. A. Frautschy, B. Finsen, G. C. Brown, A. Verkhratsky, K. Yamanaka, J. Koistinaho, E. Latz, A. Halle, G. C. Petzold, T. Town, D. Morgan, M. L. Shinohara, V. H. Perry, C. Holmes, N. G. Bazan, D. J. Brooks, S. Hunot, B. Joseph, N. Deigendesch, O. Garaschuk, E. Boddeke, C. A. Dinarello, J. C. Breitner, G. M. Cole, D. T. Golenbock, and M. P. Kummer. 2015. 'Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease', Lancet Neurol, 14: 388–405.
Hosseini, S., E. Wilk, K. Michaelsen-Preusse, I. Gerhauser, W. Baumgartner, R. Geffers, K. Schughart, and M. Korte. 2018. 'Long-Term Neuroinflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection and the Impact on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Function', J Neurosci, 38: 3060–80.
Hroudová, Jana, Namrata Singh, and Zdeněk Fišar. 2014. 'Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease', BioMed Research International, 2014: 175062.
Jang, H., D. Boltz, J. McClaren, A. K. Pani, M. Smeyne, A. Korff, R. Webster, and R. J. Smeyne. 2012. 'Inflammatory effects of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in the CNS of mice', J Neurosci, 32: 1545–59.
Jang, H., D. Boltz, K. Sturm-Ramirez, K. R. Shepherd, Y. Jiao, R. Webster, and R. J. Smeyne. 2009. 'Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration', Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106: 14063–8.
Jeannet, N., B. G. van den Hoogen, J. C. Schefold, F. Suter-Riniker, and R. Sommerstein. 2017. 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in an Adult with Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Encephalitis', Emerg Infect Dis, 23: 370.
Jurgens, Heidi A., Kaushik Amancherla, and Rodney W. Johnson. 2012. 'Influenza Infection Induces Neuroinflammation, Alters Hippocampal Neuron Morphology, and Impairs Cognition in Adult Mice', The Journal of Neuroscience, 32: 3958–68.
Kabbani, N., and J. L. Olds. 2020. 'Does COVID19 Infect the Brain? If So, Smokers Might Be at a Higher Risk', Mol Pharmacol, 97: 351–53.
Kim, Daehwan, Ben Langmead, and Steven L. Salzberg. 2015. 'HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements', Nature Methods, 12: 357–60.
König, Renate, Silke Stertz, Yingyao Zhou, Atsushi Inoue, H. Heinrich Hoffmann, Suchita Bhattacharyya, Judith G. Alamares, Donna M. Tscherne, Mila B. Ortigoza, Yuhong Liang, Qinshan Gao, Shane E. Andrews, Sourav Bandyopadhyay, Paul De Jesus, Buu P. Tu, Lars Pache, Crystal Shih, Anthony Orth, Ghislain Bonamy, Loren Miraglia, Trey Ideker, Adolfo García-Sastre, John A. T. Young, Peter Palese, Megan L. Shaw, and Sumit K. Chanda. 2010. 'Human host factors required for influenza virus replication', Nature, 463: 813 – 17.
Koyuncu, O. O., I. B. Hogue, and L. W. Enquist. 2013. 'Virus infections in the nervous system', Cell Host Microbe, 13: 379–93.
Kramer, A, J Green, and J Pollard Jr. 2014. 'Tugendreich S. Causal analysis approaches in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis', Bioinformatics, 30: 523 – 30.
Kumakura, Michiko, Atsushi Kawaguchi, and Kyosuke Nagata. 2015. 'Actin-myosin network is required for proper assembly of influenza virus particles', Virology, 476: 141 – 50.
Lakadamyali, Melike, Michael J. Rust, Hazen P. Babcock, and Xiaowei Zhuang. 2003. 'Visualizing infection of individual influenza viruses', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100: 9280-85.
Lampa, Jon, Marie Westman, Diana Kadetoff, Anna Nordenstedt Agréus, Erwan Le Maître, Caroline Gillis-Haegerstrand, Magnus Andersson, Mohsen Khademi, Maripat Corr, Christina A. Christianson, Ada Delaney, Tony L. Yaksh, Eva Kosek, and Camilla I. Svensson. 2012. 'Peripheral inflammatory disease associated with centrally activated IL-1 system in humans and mice', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109: 12728-33.
Lin, X., R. Wang, J. Zhang, X. Sun, Z. Zou, S. Wang, and M. Jin. 2015. 'Insights into Human Astrocyte Response to H5N1 Infection by Microarray Analysis', Viruses, 7: 2618–40.
Love, M.I., Huber, W., Anders, S. 2014. 'Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2', Genome Biology, 15: 550.
McNab, Finlay, Katrin Mayer-Barber, Alan Sher, Andreas Wack, and Anne O'Garra. 2015. 'Type I interferons in infectious disease', Nature Reviews Immunology, 15: 87–103.
Mori, I., A. D. Diehl, A. Chauhan, H. G. Ljunggren, and K. Kristensson. 1999. 'Selective targeting of habenular, thalamic midline and monoaminergic brainstem neurons by neurotropic influenza A virus in mice', J Neurovirol, 5: 355–62.
Naghavi, Mojgan H., and Derek Walsh. 2017. 'Microtubule Regulation and Function during Virus Infection', Journal of Virology, 91: e00538-17.
Nassif, X., S. Bourdoulous, E. Eugène, and P. O. Couraud. 2002. 'How do extracellular pathogens cross the blood-brain barrier?', Trends Microbiol, 10: 227–32.
Neumann, G., M. R. Castrucci, and Y. Kawaoka. 1997. 'Nuclear import and export of influenza virus nucleoprotein', Journal of Virology, 71: 9690–700.
Park, Arim, and Sangil Suh. 2014. 'Respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study: response to a "letter to the editor"', Neuroradiology, 56: 433.
Park, C. H., M. Ishinaka, A. Takada, H. Kida, T. Kimura, K. Ochiai, and T. Umemura. 2002. 'The invasion routes of neurovirulent A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) influenza virus into the central nervous system after respiratory infection in mice', Arch Virol, 147: 1425–36.
Parodi-Rullan, R., J. Y. Sone, and S. Fossati. 2019. 'Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease', J Alzheimers Dis, 72: 1019–39.
Portela, Agustín, and Paul Digard. 2002. 'The influenza virus nucleoprotein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein pivotal to virus replication', Journal of General Virology, 83: 723–34.
Rohn, T. T., and L. W. Catlin. 2011. 'Immunolocalization of influenza A virus and markers of inflammation in the human Parkinson's disease brain', PLOS ONE, 6: e20495.
Rosas-Hernandez, H., E. Cuevas, S. M. Lantz, M. G. Paule, and S. F. Ali. 2018. 'Isolation and Culture of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells for In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Studies', Methods Mol Biol, 1727: 315–31.
Rüdiger, Daniel, Sascha Young Kupke, Tanja Laske, Pawel Zmora, and Udo Reichl. 2019. 'Multiscale modeling of influenza A virus replication in cell cultures predicts infection dynamics for highly different infection conditions', PLOS Computational Biology, 15: e1006819.
Rumbaugh, Jeffrey A., and Avindra Nath. 2009. 'Neuronal Cell Death and Inflammation.' in Marc D. Binder, Nobutaka Hirokawa and Uwe Windhorst (eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin, Heidelberg).
Sánchez Fernández, Iván, Mónica Rebollo Polo, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Laura Monfort Carretero, Sergio Fernández Ureña, Adela Rueda Muñoz, Roser Colomé Roura, and Belén Pérez Dueñas. 2012. 'Human Metapneumovirus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient With Acute Encephalitis', Archives of Neurology, 69: 649–52.
Schneider, W. M., M. D. Chevillotte, and C. M. Rice. 2014. 'Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses', Annual review of immunology, 32: 513–45.
Shafagati, Nazly, and John Williams. 2018. 'Human metapneumovirus - what we know now', F1000Research, 7: 135 – 35.
Stins, M. F., F. Gilles, and K. S. Kim. 1997. 'Selective expression of adhesion molecules on human brain microvascular endothelial cells', J Neuroimmunol, 76: 81–90.
Stins, Monique F., Julie Badger, and Kwang Sik Kim. 2001. 'Bacterial invasion and transcytosis in transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells', Microbial Pathogenesis, 30: 19–28.
Stolp, H. B., S. A. Liddelow, I. Sa-Pereira, K. M. Dziegielewska, and N. R. Saunders. 2013. 'Immune responses at brain barriers and implications for brain development and neurological function in later life', Front Integr Neurosci, 7: 61.
Studahl, M. 2003. 'Influenza virus and CNS manifestations', J Clin Virol, 28: 225–32.
Sweeney, M. D., A. P. Sagare, and B. V. Zlokovic. 2018. 'Blood-brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders', Nat Rev Neurol, 14: 133–50.
Takeuchi, O., and S. Akira. 2010. 'Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation', Cell, 140: 805 – 20.
Terrier, O., C. Carron, B. De Chassey, J. Dubois, A. Traversier, T. Julien, G. Cartet, A. Proust, S. Hacot, D. Ressnikoff, V. Lotteau, B. Lina, J. J. Diaz, V. Moules, and M. Rosa-Calatrava. 2016. 'Nucleolin interacts with influenza A nucleoprotein and contributes to viral ribonucleoprotein complexes nuclear trafficking and efficient influenza viral replication', Sci Rep, 6: 29006.
Tesoriero, C., A. Codita, M. D. Zhang, A. Cherninsky, H. Karlsson, G. Grassi-Zucconi, G. Bertini, T. Harkany, K. Ljungberg, P. Liljestrom, T. G. Hokfelt, M. Bentivoglio, and K. Kristensson. 2016. 'H1N1 influenza virus induces narcolepsy-like sleep disruption and targets sleep-wake regulatory neurons in mice', Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113: E368-77.
Turner, A. J., J. A. Hiscox, and N. M. Hooper. 2004. 'ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor', Trends Pharmacol Sci, 25: 291–4.
van Riel, D., L. M. Leijten, R. M. Verdijk, C. GeurtsvanKessel, E. van der Vries, A. M. van Rossum, A. D. Osterhaus, and T. Kuiken. 2014. 'Evidence for influenza virus CNS invasion along the olfactory route in an immunocompromised infant', J Infect Dis, 210: 419–23.
Vanderschueren, G., K. Schotsmans, E. Maréchal, and R. Crols. 2018. 'Mild encephalitis with reversible splenial (MERS) lesion syndrome due to influenza B virus', Pract Neurol, 18: 391–92.
Ventresca, Silvia, Claudia Guiducci, Sara Tagliani, Sara Dal Bo, Paolo Ricciardelli, Patrizia Cenni, and Federico Marchetti. 2021. 'Clinically Mild Encephalopathy with a Reversible Splenial Lesion Caused by Influenza B Virus in an Unvaccinated Child', Pediatric reports, 13: 72–75.
Wang, G., R. Li, Z. Jiang, L. Gu, Y. Chen, J. Dai, and K. Li. 2016. 'Influenza Virus Induces Inflammatory Response in Mouse Primary Cortical Neurons with Limited Viral Replication', Biomed Res Int, 2016: 8076989.
Wickham, Hadley. 2009. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis (Springer New York).
Wu, Y., M. Chen, and J. Jiang. 2019. 'Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and drug targets via apoptotic signaling', Mitochondrion, 49: 35–45.
Yang, R., W. Liu, L. Miao, X. Yang, J. Fu, B. Dou, A. Cai, X. Zong, C. Tan, H. Chen, and X. Wang. 2016. 'Induction of VEGFA and Snail-1 by meningitic Escherichia coli mediates disruption of the blood-brain barrier', Oncotarget, 7: 63839–55.
Yu, G., L. G. Wang, Y. Han, and Q. Y. He. 2012. 'clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters', Omics, 16: 284–7.
Yu, G., L. G. Wang, G. R. Yan, and Q. Y. He. 2015. 'DOSE: an R/Bioconductor package for disease ontology semantic and enrichment analysis', Bioinformatics, 31: 608–9.
Yu, Guangchuang. 2019. 'enrichplot: Visualization of Functional Enrichment Result'.
Zhang, B., C. Gaiteri, L. G. Bodea, Z. Wang, J. McElwee, A. A. Podtelezhnikov, C. Zhang, T. Xie, L. Tran, R. Dobrin, E. Fluder, B. Clurman, S. Melquist, M. Narayanan, C. Suver, H. Shah, M. Mahajan, T. Gillis, J. Mysore, M. E. MacDonald, J. R. Lamb, D. A. Bennett, C. Molony, D. J. Stone, V. Gudnason, A. J. Myers, E. E. Schadt, H. Neumann, J. Zhu, and V. Emilsson. 2013. 'Integrated systems approach identifies genetic nodes and networks in late-onset Alzheimer's disease', Cell, 153: 707 – 20.
Zheng, Wenjie, and Yizhi Jane Tao. 2013. 'Structure and assembly of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein complex', FEBS Letters, 587: 1206–14.
Zhu, A., J. G. Ibrahim, and M. I. Love. 2019. 'Heavy-tailed prior distributions for sequence count data: removing the noise and preserving large differences', Bioinformatics, 35: 2084–92.