Patient characteristics
Patients in the RD group (128 patients, 16.0%) were significantly older (P < 0.0001); had a lower prevalence of hepatitis B (P < 0.001); had lower serum total bilirubin (T-bil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and alpha-fetoprotein isoform, lectin affinity (AFP-L3) levels (P < 0.001, < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.05, respectively); a higher prevalence of non-hepatitis B virus (HBV) and non-hepatitis C virus (HCV) (NBNC) (P < 0.001); and higher serum HbA1c, blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and Cr levels (P < 0.05, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001, respectively) than in the non-RD group (Table 1). The preoperative characteristics of severe, mild CKD and non-RD patient groups are also summarized in Table 2. Nineteen patients had severe CKD, including six patients who were received routine preoperative hemodialysis, and 109 patients had mild CKD. Age (73.0, 69.0, and 63.0 years; P < 0.0001), female ratio (31.6%, 10.1%, and 18.3%; P < 0.05), BUN (38.0 mg/dL, 19.0 mg/dL, and 14.0 mg/dL; P < 0.0001), Cr (2.4 mg/dL, 1.0 mg/dL, and 0.7 mg/dL; P < 0.0001), and AFP-L3 (21.7%, 0%, and 3.1%; P < 0.05) in severe CKD patient group were significantly higher than in other patient groups. On the other hand, serum albumin (3.8 g/dL, 4.1 g/dL, and 4.1 g/dL; P < 0.01), T-bil (0.4 mg/dL, 0.7 mg/dL, and 0.8 mg/dL: P < 0.001), ALT (21.0 IU/L, 34.0 IU/L, and 40.0 IU/L; P < 0.05), and cholinesterase levels (181.0 IU/L, 249.0 IU/L, and 245.0 IU/L, P < 0.01) in severe CKD group were significantly lower than in other patients groups. NBNC ratio (31.6%, 47.7%, and 28.5%; P < 0.001), and HbA1c (5.5%, 5.9%, and 5.3%; P < 0.05) in mild CKD patient group was higher, and HBV ratio (26.3%, 22.0%, and 39.1%; P < 0.01) in the severe and mild CKD groups were lower than in non-RD group. The mean follow-up time was 64.7 ± 53.0 months after hepatectomy.
Table 1
Characteristics of patients with and without RD (n, %)
| | RD (eGFR < 60) | Non-RD (60 ≤ eGFR) | P-value |
| | n = 128 | n = 672 |
Age (yeas) | 69.5 | ± | 8.6 | 63.0 | ± | 10.4 | < 0.0001 |
Sex | | | | | | | | |
| Male | 111 (86.7) | 549 (81.7) | 0.17 |
| Female | 17 (13.3) | 123 (18.3) | - |
Etiology | | | | | | | |
| HBV | 29 (22.7) | 263 (39.1) | < 0.001 |
| HCV | 41 (32.0) | 218 (32.4) | 0.93 |
| NBNC | 58 (45.3) | 191 (28.5) | < 0.001 |
Child-Pugh grade | | | | | | | |
| A | 124 (96.9) | 649 (96.6) | 0.86 |
| B | 4 (3.1) | 23 (3.4) | - |
Laboratory data | | | | | | | |
| Plt (×104/µL) | 16.2 | ± | 6.2 | 15.5 | ± | 7.3 | 0.26 |
| PT (%) | 94.9 | ± | 13.7 | 91.7 | ± | 14.7 | 0.08 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 4.0 | ± | 0.4 | 4.1 | ± | 0.4 | 0.32 |
| T-bil (mg/dL) | 0.7 | ± | 0.3 | 0.8 | ± | 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 35.5 | ± | 31.2 | 43.0 | ± | 43.4 | < 0.05 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 31.5 | ± | 30.0 | 40.0 | ± | 36.1 | < 0.01 |
| ChE (IU/L) | 238.0 | ± | 89.8 | 245.0 | ± | 81.3 | 0.92 |
| ICG15R (%) | 14.4 | ± | 7.3 | 13.6 | ± | 10.6 | 0.61 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 | ± | 1.1 | 5.3 | ± | 1.1 | < 0.05 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.0 | ± | 10.8 | 14.0 | ± | 4.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.1 | ± | 1.6 | 0.7 | ± | 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| AFP (ng/mL) | 10.3 | (1.4–164321.4) | 19.9 | (0–5986980) | < 0.01 |
| AFP-L3 (%) | 0.0 | ± | 23.8 | 3.1 | ± | 24.4 | < 0.05 |
| PIVKA-II (mAU/mL) | 11385.0 | (0–436410) | 136.0 | (0–664680) | 0.68 |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney U-test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). RD, renal dysfunction; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NBNC, non-HBV or HCV; Plt, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time; Alb, serum albumin; T-bil, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ChE, choline esterase; ICGR15, indocyanine green rate at 15 minutes; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AFP-L3, alpha-fetoprotein isoform, lectin affinity; PIVKA-II, protein-induced vitamin K absence-II. |
Table 2
Characteristics of patients with severe, mild CKD, and without RD (n, %)
| | CKD Stage | P-value |
| | severe | mild | non-RD |
| | (eGFR < 30) | (30 ≤ eGFR < 60) | (60 ≤ eGFR) |
| | n = 19 | n = 109 | n = 672 |
Age (yeas) | 73.0 | ± | 8.9 | 69.0 | ± | 8.6 | 63.0 | ± | 10.4 | < 0.0001 |
Sex | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Male | 13 (68.4) | 98 (89.9) | 549 (81.7) | < 0.05 |
| Female | 6 (31.6) | 11 (10.1) | 123 (18.3) | - |
Etiology | | | | | | | | | | |
| HBV | 5 (26.3) | 24 (22.0) | 263 (39.1) | < 0.01 |
| HCV | 8 (42.1) | 33 (30.3) | 218 (32.4) | 0.59 |
| NBNC | 6 (31.6) | 52 (47.7) | 191 (28.5) | < 0.001 |
Child-Pugh grade | | | | | | | | | | |
| A | 19 (100.0) | 105 (96.3) | 649 (96.6) | 0.71 |
| B | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 23 (3.4) | - |
Laboratory data | | | | | | | | | | |
| Plt (×104/µL) | 14.5 | ± | 5.2 | 16.3 | ± | 6.4 | 15.5 | ± | 7.3 | 0.76 |
| PT (%) | 94.9 | ± | 10.1 | 95.2 | ± | 14.3 | 91.7 | ± | 14.7 | 0.35 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.8 | ± | 0.3 | 4.1 | ± | 0.4 | 4.1 | ± | 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| T-bil (mg/dL) | 0.4 | ± | 0.2 | 0.7 | ± | 0.3 | 0.8 | ± | 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.0 | ± | 17.4 | 38.0 | ± | 32.5 | 43.0 | ± | 43.4 | 0.07 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 21.0 | ± | 19.0 | 34.0 | ± | 30.9 | 40.0 | ± | 36.1 | < 0.05 |
| ChE (IU/L) | 181.0 | ± | 68.1 | 249.0 | ± | 90.0 | 245.0 | ± | 81.3 | < 0.01 |
| ICG15R (%) | 10.5 | ± | 6.2 | 15.3 | ± | 7.3 | 13.6 | ± | 10.6 | 0.18 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 | ± | 1.0 | 5.9 | ± | 1.1 | 5.3 | ± | 1.1 | < 0.05 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 38.0 | ± | 15.8 | 19.0 | ± | 5.2 | 14.0 | ± | 4.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 2.4 | ± | 3.2 | 1.0 | ± | 0.2 | 0.7 | ± | 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| AFP (ng/mL) | 51.5 | (2.1–164321.4) | 6.5 | (1.4–37525.5) | 19.9 | (0–5986980) | 0.61 |
| AFP-L3 (%) | 21.7 | ± | 30.6 | 0.0 | ± | 21.6 | 3.1 | ± | 24.4 | < 0.05 |
| PIVKA-II (mAU/mL) | 1309.0 | (10–167600) | 105.0 | (0–436410) | 136.0 | (0–664680) | 0.93 |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). RD, renal dysfunction; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NBNC, non-HBV or HCV; Plt, platelet count; PT, prothrombin time; Alb, serum albumin; T-bil, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ChE, choline esterase; ICGR15, indocyanine green rate at 15 minutes; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AFP-L3, alpha-fetoprotein isoform, lectin affinity; PIVKA-II, protein-induced vitamin K absence-II. |
Intraoperative Variables And Tumor Characteristics
As listed in Table 3, the proportion of curability A or B was significantly higher in RD patients than in non-RD patients (91.4% vs. 83.8%; P < 0.05). Those of vascular invasion and advanced fibrosis (F stage 3 and 4) were significantly lower in RD patients than in non-RD patients (8.6% vs. 21.6%; P < 0.001, 32.0% vs. 53.2%; P < 0.0001, respectively). The intraoperative variables and other tumor characteristics of severe, mild CKD and non-RD groups were also almost comparable for all groups. In this analysis, curability of severe and mild CKD group patients was higher than that of non-RD group patients (P < 0.05), on the other hand, the proportion of vascular invasion and advanced fibrosis in patients with severe and mild CKD were significantly lower than that of non-RD group patients (P < 0.01, and < 0.001, respectively). Resected liver weight (365 g, 222 g, and 252 g, P = 0.24) in severe CKD patient group tends to higher than in other patient groups, although the difference was not statistically significant (Table 4).
Table 3
Intraoperative parameters in patients with and without RD (n, %)
| | | CKD Stage | P-value |
| | | RD (eGFR < 60) | non-RD (60 ≤ eGFR) |
| | | n = 128 | n = 672 |
Intraoperative variables | | | | | | | |
| Operative time (min) | 323.0 | ± | 125.0 | 329.0 | ± | 108.0 | 0.70 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 380.0 | ± | 3230.1 | 425.0 | ± | 1577.3 | 0.42 |
| Procedure of resection | | | | | | | |
| | Anatomical resection | 99 (77.3) | 498 (74.1) | 0.44 |
| | Non-anatomical resection | 29 (22.7) | 174 (25.9) | - |
| Resected liver weight (g) | 239.0 | ± | 459.3 | 252.0 | ± | 630.0 | 0.57 |
| Curability | | | | | | | |
| | A + B | 117 (91.4) | 563 (83.8) | < 0.05 |
| | C | 11 (8.6) | 109 (16.2) | - |
Tumor characteristics | | | | | | | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 4.5 | ± | 3.9 | 4.4 | ± | 4.6 | 0.85 |
| Tumor number | 1.0 | ± | 1.7 | 1.0 | ± | 2.8 | 0.55 |
| pStage♱ | | | | | | | |
| | I | 8 (6.3) | 53 (7.9) | 0.11 |
| | II | 62 (48.4) | 272 (40.5) | - |
| | III | 40 (31.3) | 207 (30.8) | - |
| | IV | 18 (14.1) | 140 (20.8) | - |
| Pathological grade | | | | | | | |
| | well | 24 (18.7) | 95 (14.1) | 0.29 |
| | mod-por | 104 (81.3) | 577 (85.9) | - |
| Vascular invasion♱ | | | | | | | |
| | yes | 11 (8.6) | 145 (21.6) | < 0.001 |
| | no | 117 (91.4) | 527 (78.4) | - |
| Liver fibrosis score♱♱ | | | | | | | |
| | 0–1 | 44 (34.4) | 143 (21.2) | < 0.0001 |
| | 2 | 43 (33.6) | 172 (25.6) | - |
| | 3 | 22 (17.2) | 149 (22.2) | - |
| | 4 | 19 (14.8) | 208 (31.0) | - |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney U-test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). The liver fibrosis score was assessed by expert pathologists using a noncancerous lesion from the resected specimen. ♱ Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, 6th edition ‡ Liver fibrosis was graded and staged according to the New Inuyama classification system37 as follows: F1 (periportal expansion), F2 (porto-portal septa), F3 (porto-central linkage or bridging fibrosis), and F4 (cirrhosis). |
Table 4
Intraoperative parameters in patients with severe, mild CKD, and without RD (n, %)
| | | CKD Stage | P-value |
| | | severe | mild | non-RD |
| | | (eGFR < 30) | (30 ≤ eGFR < 60) | (60 ≤ eGFR) |
| | | n = 19 | n = 109 | n = 672 |
Intraoperative variables | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operative time (min) | 311.0 | ± | 112.0 | 331.0 | ± | 127.0 | 329.0 | ± | 108.0 | 0.52 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 389.0 | ± | 1254.1 | 380.0 | ± | 3464.9 | 425.0 | ± | 1577.3 | 0.64 |
| Procedure of resection | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Anatomical resection | 13 (68.4) | 86 (78.9) | 498 (74.1) | 0.46 |
| | Non-anatomical resection | 6 (31.6) | 23 (21.1) | 174 (25.9) | - |
| Resected liver weight (g) | 365.0 | ± | 388.5 | 222.0 | ± | 471.3 | 252.0 | ± | 630.0 | 0.24 |
| Curability | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A + B | 19 (100.0) | 98 (89.9) | 563 (83.8) | < 0.05 |
| | C | 0 (0.0) | 11 (10.1) | 109 (16.2) | - |
Tumor characteristics | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 5.8 | ± | 4.0 | 4.5 | ± | 3.8 | 4.4 | ± | 4.6 | 0.41 |
| Tumor number | 1.0 | ± | 2.1 | 1.0 | ± | 1.6 | 1.0 | ± | 2.8 | 0.44 |
| pStage♱ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | I | 1 (5.3) | 7 (6.4) | 53 (7.9) | 0.45 |
| | II | 8 (42.1) | 54 (49.5) | 272 (40.5) | - |
| | III | 7 (36.8) | 33 (30.3) | 207 (30.8) | - |
| | IV | 3 (15.8) | 15 (13.8) | 140 (20.8) | - |
| Pathological grade | | | | | | | | | | |
| | well | 2 (10.5) | 22 (20.2) | 95 (14.1) | 0.84 |
| | mod-por | 17 (89.5) | 87 (79.8) | 577 (85.9) | - |
| Vascular invasion♱ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | yes | 2 (10.5) | 9 (8.3) | 145 (21.6) | < 0.01 |
| | no | 17 (89.5) | 100 (91.7) | 527 (78.4) | - |
| Liver fibrosis score♱♱ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 0–1 | 7 (36.8) | 37 (34.0) | 143 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
| | 2 | 8 (42.1) | 35 (32.1) | 172 (25.6) | - |
| | 3 | 3 (15.8) | 19 (17.4) | 149 (22.2) | - |
| | 4 | 1 (5.3) | 18 (16.5) | 208 (31.0) | - |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). The liver fibrosis score was assessed by expert pathologists using a noncancerous lesion from the resected specimen. ♱ Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, 6th edition ‡ Liver fibrosis was graded and staged according to the New Inuyama classification system37 as follows: F1 (periportal expansion), F2 (porto-portal septa), F3 (porto-central linkage or bridging fibrosis), and F4 (cirrhosis). |
Postoperative Complications
Although the overall postoperative complications rates were similar between RD and non-RD patients, the proportions of postoperative bleeding and surgical site infection were significantly higher in RD patients (5.5% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.05, 3.9% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.05, respectively) (Table 5). In comparison between patients with severe CKD and those with mild CKD, there was no difference of postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were also not significant different among three groups, except for bleeding that were higher than in severe CKD group (P < 0.05) (Table 6). Regarding these bleeding complications, three RD patients (2.3%) and eight non-RD patients (1.2%) required reoperation to control postoperative bleeding. There were no complications of ascites, pleural effusion, liver failure, or surgical site infection in six patients who required maintenance hemodialysis before surgery. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was not significantly different among three groups (16.0, 16.0, and 16.0 days; P = 0.92). There was no mortality during hospitalization in severe CKD group, but one patient each in the mild CKD and non-RD groups died during hospitalization. In the mild CKD group, one patient died due to postoperative gastrointestinal perforation and an intraabdominal abscess. In the non-RD group, one patient died due to postoperative liver failure.
Table 5
Postoperative complications in patients with and without RD (n, %)
| | CKD Stage | P-value |
| | RD (eGFR < 60) | non-RD (60 ≤ eGFR) |
| | n = 128 | n = 672 |
All complications | 33 (25.8) | 169 (25.1) | 0.96 |
Major complication (Grade ≧ 2) | 20 (15.6) | 112 (16.7) | 0.91 |
| Bile leakage | 12 (9.8) | 44 (6.5) | 0.33 |
| Ascites | 6 (4.7) | 27 (4.0) | 0.90 |
| Pleural effusion | 4 (3.1) | 37 (5.5) | 0.41 |
| Pneumonia | 6 (5.3) | 12 (1.8) | 0.70 |
| Bleeding | 7 (5.5) | 12 (1.8) | < 0.05 |
| Liver failure | 1 (0.8) | 9 (1.3) | 0.55 |
| Surgical site infection | 5 (3.9) | 12 (1.8) | < 0.05 |
Duration of postoperative hospital stay (day) | 16.0 | ± | 14.5 | 16.0 | ± | 19.3 | 0.17 |
Died during hospitalization | 1* (0.8) | 1** (0.1) | 0.96 |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney U-test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). One patient in the RD group died due to postoperative gastrointestinal perforation and an intraabdominal abscess (*), and one patient in the non-RD group died due to postoperative liver failure (**). |
Table 6
Postoperative complications in patients with severe, mild CKD, and without RD (n, %)
| | CKD Stage | P-value |
| | severe | mild | non-RD |
| | (eGFR < 30) | (30 ≤ eGFR < 60) | (60 ≤ eGFR) |
| | n = 19 | n = 109 | n = 672 |
All complications | 5 (26.3) | 28 (25.7) | 169 (25.1) | 0.99 |
Major complication (Grade ≥ 2) | 3 (15.8) | 17 (15.6) | 112 (16.7) | 0.98 |
| Bile leakage | 2 (10.5) | 10 (9.2) | 44 (6.5) | 0.40 |
| Ascites | 2 (10.5) | 4 (3.7) | 27 (4.0) | 0.45 |
| Pleural effusion | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.7) | 37 (5.5) | 0.68 |
| Pneumonia | 1 (5.3) | 5 (4.6) | 12 (1.8) | 0.84 |
| Bleeding | 2 (10.5) | 5 (4.6) | 12 (1.8) | < 0.05 |
| Liver failure | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 9 (1.3) | 0.55 |
| Surgical site infection | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.6) | 12 (1.8) | 0.07 |
Duration of postoperative hospital stay (day) | 16.0 | ± | 15.3 | 16.0 | ± | 14.4 | 16.0 | ± | 9.3 | 0.92 |
Died during hospitalization | 0 (0.0) | 1* (0.9) | 1** (0.1) | 0.96 |
P values were determined by the chi-square test or by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). One patient in the RD group died due to postoperative gastrointestinal perforation and an intraabdominal abscess (*), and one patient in the non-RD group died due to postoperative liver failure (**). |
Impact Of Hepatectomy On Postoperative Rd
We compared eGFR values before and one month after hepatectomy in patients with CKD stage 4 or 5 according to KDIGO CKD guideline (15) who didn’t receive maintenance hemodialysis (n = 13) (Fig. 1). The eGFR values did not decrease after the operation, and furthermore, no patient received maintenance hemodialysis after hepatectomy.
Survival And Recurrence After Hepatectomy For Hcc
The median survival time (MST) was 70.6 months in RD patients and 72.4 months in non-RD patients (P = 0.524). The one-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates were 87.3%, 74.0%, 60.2%, and 20.6% in RD patients and 89.9%, 74.1%, 64.6%, and 23.1% in non-RD patients, respectively (Fig. 2A). Moreover, the MST was 40.8 months in the severe CKD group, 70.9 months in the mild CKD group and 72.4 months in the non-RD group (P = 0.605). The one-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates were 78.2%, 64.5%, 48.4%, and 9.7% in the severe CKD group, 89.0%, 75.5%, 62.2%, and 22.5% in the mild CKD group and 89.9%, 74.1%, 64.6%, and 23.1% in the non-RD group, respectively (Fig. 2B). The median RFS time was 46.2 months in RD patients and 27.4 months in non-RD patients (P = 0.464) (Fig. 2C). The median RFS time was 17.0 months in the severe CKD group, 47.5 months in the mild CKD group and 27.4 months in the non-RD group (P = 0.762) (Fig. 2D).
OS and RFS between RD and non-RD groups after PSM
Regarding patient characteristics, RD patients were significantly older, associated with lower proportion of HBV and higher proportion of NBNC, and had lower serum T-bil, AST, ALT, and higher serum HbA1c levels than non-RD patients. Therefore, we examined the impact of preoperative RD on OS and RFS rates, excluding the influence of these factors, by using a propensity model. A total of 110 pairs of matched HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy were selected in this model (Sup Table 1). The comparison of OS and RFS rates between matched patients with RD and non-RD showed no significant difference (P = 0.343, P = 0.314, respectively) (Fig. 3). In addition, considering the influence of liver function or other causes of death, we also analyzed survival in patients with Child-Pugh grade A disease and in those who died from cancer-related causes. The OS rate was similar between RD and non-RD patients with Child-Pugh grade A disease (P = 0.489, Fig. 4) and in those who died from cancer-related causes (P = 0.993, Fig. 5).
Prognostic Factor Analysis In Hcc Patients With Rd
Table 7 shows the prognostic factors for OS and RFS in HCC patients with RD in this cohort. In RD patients, the multivariate analysis showed that the presence of multiple tumors was an independent factor for both OS and RFS (OS: hazard ratio [HR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–5.75, P = 0.040, RFS: HR 3.77, 95% CI 1.61–8.97, P = 0.002).
Table 7
Prognostic factors for OS and RFS in HCC patients with RD
Variable | Overall survival | | Recurrence-free survival | |
| Univariate | Multivariate analysis | | Univariate | Multivariate analysis |
RD patients | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value |
Age > 60 years | 0.029 | 3.85 (0.81–22.53) | 0.092 | 0.045 | 0.98 (0.26–4.76) | 0.978 |
Male | 0.371 | | | 0.122 | | |
HBV+ | 0.995 | | | 0.947 | | |
HCV+ | 0.899 | | | 0.889 | | |
NBNC | 0.898 | | | 0.849 | | |
Child-Pugh grade B | 0.44 | | | 0.919 | | |
Plt < 13.8 | 0.598 | | | 0.257 | | |
PT < 80 | 0.706 | | | 0.858 | | |
Alb < 4.0 | 0.32 | | | 0.376 | | |
T-bil > 1.2 | 0.772 | | | 0.95 | | |
AST > 38 | 0.534 | | | 0.223 | | |
ALT > 44 | 0.16 | | | 0.421 | | |
ChE < 168 | 0.0048 | 1.06 (0.31–3.15) | 0.921 | 0.002 | 2.21 (0.17–1.35) | 0.147 |
ICGR15 > 15 | 0.8 | | | 0.176 | | |
HbA1c > 5.6 | 0.145 | | | 0.823 | | |
AFP > 10 | 0.068 | | | 0.002 | 0.79 (0.29–2.03) | 0.634 |
AFP-L3 > 10 | < 0.0001 | 2.57 (0.99–6.70) | 0.051 | 0.003 | 2.22 (0.87–5.98) | 0.095 |
PIVKA-II > 40 | 0.009 | 2.57 (0.64–11.50) | 0.186 | 0.067 | | |
Operative time > Ave | 0.868 | | | 0.916 | | |
Blood loss > Ave | 0.28 | | | 0.533 | | |
Anatomical resection | 0.833 | | | 0.391 | | |
Resected liver weight > Ave | 0.007 | 0.99 (0.37–2.66) | 0.978 | 0.137 | | |
Tumor size > Ave | 0.006 | 1.06 (0.33–3.30) | 0.918 | 0.015 | 1.86 (0.63–5.40) | 0.258 |
Tumor number > 1 | 0.002 | 2.44 (1.04–5.75) | 0.04 | < 0.0001 | 3.77 (1.61–8.97) | 0.002 |
Pathological grade (mod-por) | 0.505 | | | 0.337 | | |
Vascular invasion (Vp+, Vv+) | < 0.0001 | 1.88 (0.61–5.14) | 0.26 | 0.002 | 1.89 (0.70–4.60) | 0.198 |
Liver fibrosis score 3, 4 | 0.278 | | | 0.186 | | |
RD, renal dysfunction; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NBNC, non-HBV or HCV; Plt, platelet counts; PT, prothrombin time; Alb, serum albumin; T-bil, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ChE, choline esterase; ICGR15, indocyanine green rate at 15 minutes; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AFP-L3, alpha-fetoprotein isoform, lectin affinity; PIVKA-II, protein-induced vitamin K absence-II; Ave, average; mod, moderately differentiated; por, poorly differentiated; Vp, portal vein invasion; Vv, hepatic vein invasion. The bold values represent significant differences (P-value < 0.05). |