Scientific name, voucher and authority no.
|
Family
|
English name
|
Common name
|
Type
|
Part used
|
Uses
|
Reference, IUCN status
|
|
Achyranthes bidentate Blume, Rupandehi N110-36
|
Amaranthaceae
|
Hill chaff flower
|
Datiwan (N)
|
Shrub
|
Leaves, stem
|
• Household (toothbrush - stem)
|
IUCN (2004), Singh et al. (2012)
|
|
• Spiritual (In Teej festival, women use leaves to welcome the monsoon season, bathe in the leaves as an act of purification, in Chitwan harvested for festival ‘Rishi Tarpani’)
|
|
Acorus calamus L., Rupandehi N106-37
|
Acoraceae
|
Sweet flag
|
Bojho (N)
|
Herb/ Monocot
|
Root
|
• Medicine (cough, common cold, increases internal heat, chronic fever, juice of root given orally or chewed to clear the throat)
|
IUCN (2004): 47, Accepted name
|
|
Aegle marmelos, Chitwan N304-01
|
Rutaceae
|
Bengal Quince
|
Bael, Bel (N)
|
Tree
|
Root, leaves, fruit
|
• Medicine (Three leaves are used weekly for diabetes, root juice given orally for asthma and cold)
|
IUCN (2004): 32, Singh et al. (2012), Synonym of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa
|
|
• Spiritual (fruit pulp offered to Lord Shiva, women e fast on Mondays and use it the leaf with the Dubo leaf for the wellbeing of husbands, Newari’s marry the fruit)
|
|
Albizia lebbeck Chitwan N304-03
|
Fabaceae
|
Black siris
|
Kalo Siris (N)
|
Tree
|
Bark, stem, leaves, seeds
|
• Timber
|
Mishra (2013), Accepted name
|
|
• Compost
|
|
• Fodder (sweet seeds)
|
|
• Medicine (reduces inflammation using bark)
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
Aloevera L., Rupandehi N103-05
|
Xanthorrhoeaceae
|
Aloevera
|
Kumari, Ghyekumari (N)
|
Herb
|
Leaves, root
|
• Medicine (Cooling burns on skin, jaundice)
|
Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
|
• Cosmetic (face cream)
|
|
Artemisia indica, Dang N209-06
|
Compositae
|
Mugwort
|
Tite pati (N), Pati (Th)
|
Herb
|
Leaves, flowers, roots
|
• Spiritual (flower used for worship offering)
|
IUCN (2004): 187, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (stomach pains, digestion – tender root, antibiotic for cuts)
|
|
• Fodder (leaves)
|
|
• Compost manure
|
|
• Pesticide
|
|
• Rice diseases
|
|
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Rupandehi N101-07
|
Moraceae
|
Jackfruit
|
Rukh Katahar (N), Badahar (Th)
|
Tree
|
Fruit, stem, leaves
|
• Food (fruit, seed is eaten, roasted or cooked as a vegetable)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 40, Accepted name
|
|
• Pesticide
|
|
• Household (wood is used for a pot used to make yoghurt, called ‘taki’)
|
|
Asparagus racemosus, Rupandehi N102-08
|
Asparagaeae
|
Asparagus
|
Kurilo (N), Satavari, Santawar (Th)
|
Herb
|
Root
|
• Medicine (nutrition of humans/animals, paralysis, root powder given orally to increase lactation and tonic after delivery)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Dangol (2005), Accepted name
|
|
• Food (alcohol)
|
|
Azadirachta indica, Rupandehi N106-10
|
Maliaceae
|
Margosa tree
|
Neem (N), Topre voltabre (Th)
|
Tree
|
Leaves, bark
|
• Medicine (cough, gastritis, arthritis, wounds - and tender twigs paste, high blood pressure and high uric acid - fresh leaves given orally, scabies - fresh leaves used to wash ski, fever - bath in water boiled with neem leaves, pneumonia - boil 2-3 leaves and drink water)
|
IUCN (2004): 129, Storrs and Storrs (1998): 44, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Pesticide
|
|
• Household (young stem used to brush teeth)
|
|
Bombax ceiba, Dang N204-12
|
Malvaceae
|
Silk cotton tree
|
Simal (N), Semar (Th)
|
Tree
|
Flowers, root
|
• Household (mattresses, cotton)
|
IUCN (2004): 168, Singh et al. (2012), Synomym of Bombax ceiba L.
|
|
• Timber
|
|
• Medicine (root decoction is given as tonic, anti-dysenteric, urinary infections)
|
|
Borassus flabellifer, Chitwan N303-13
|
Arecaceae
|
Coconut
|
Nariwal (N)
|
Tree
|
Bark, fruit
|
• Food (fruit)
|
WCFP (2015), Accepted name
|
|
• Spiritual (Coconut with milk inside is a holy offering)
|
|
• Timber
|
|
Butea monosperma, Rupandehi N108-15
|
Fabaceae
|
Flame of the forest
|
Palans, Dhak, Paras (N)
|
Tree
|
Entire tree
|
• Medicine (diuretic)
|
IUCN (2004): 140, Accepted name
|
|
• Pesticide to kill mosquitos
|
|
• Spiritual (Tree represents the God of Fire and flowers are used to worship Shivatri in Hinduism, tree was used to achieve enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism)
|
|
• Household (leaves pieced together to make a leaf-plate (patravali))
|
|
Calotropis gigantean, Rupandehi – N108-11
|
Asclepiadaceae
|
Crown flower
|
Aak, Aankh (N), Madar (Th)
|
Shrub
|
Latex
|
• Medicine (Massage milk into sprained areas (muscles/ joints)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Disservice (if the milk goes into the eye it can damage)
|
|
• Spiritual (referred to as the Tuesday bush)
|
|
Cannabis sativa, Dang N201-16
|
Cannabaceae
|
Cannibis
|
Bhang (N)
|
Shrub
|
Entire plant
|
• Food
|
Mishra (2003), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (headache, dysentery, asthma)
|
|
• Veterinary (diarrhea, abscess of goats)
|
|
Carica papaya L., Dang N204-17
|
Caricaceae
|
Papaya
|
Mewa (N), Papita, Larmewa (Th)
|
Tree
|
Latex, fruit
|
• Household (Milk latex used to make soap)
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (muscle pain, tiredness – fruit infused)
|
|
Carum persicum, Dang N204-20
|
Apiaceae
|
Black cumin
|
Himali, Kalo jeera (N)
|
Herb
|
Seeds
|
• Medicine (cold - infused)
|
USDA (2015), Synonym of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Rupandehi N109-22
|
Apiaceae
|
Indian pennywort
|
Ghod tapre (N), Ghortapya, Boltapre, Bhatbhat (Th)
|
Herb
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (fever, chest and urinary tract infections, typhoid blood purifier, pneumonia – infused)
|
IUCN (2004): 76, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm, Dang N202-23
|
Lauraceae
|
Indian cassia
|
Tejpaat (N), Dalchini (Th)
|
Tree
|
Leaves
|
• Spiritual (ritual importance during festivals)
|
IUCN (2004): 184, Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (sore throat – infused)
|
|
• Food (Leaves eaten, imparting a strong cassia- or cinnamon like aroma to dishes)
|
|
Citrus hystrix DC, Chitwan N303-24
|
Rutaceae
|
Makrut lime
|
Nibuwa (N)
|
Tree
|
Stem
|
• Timber
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Accepted name
|
|
Colocasia affinis, Dang N201-25
|
Araceae
|
Taro or Elephant ear
|
Pindalu, Karkalo (N), Ghuiya (Th)
|
Herb
|
Stem, leaves, root, latex
|
• Food (leaves, root, stem or corn eaten as a vegetable)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (latex sooths itching)
|
|
Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham., Rupandehi N101-28
|
Capparaceae
|
Garlic pear
|
Siplikan (N)
|
Tree
|
Fruit
|
• Medicine (rheumatism, kidney, bladder stones, tonic)
|
IUCN (2004): 171, Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
|
• Food (vegetable high in iron)
|
|
Curcuma angustifolia, Rupandehi N101-29
|
Zingiberaceae
|
Black turmeric
|
Haledo (N)
|
Herb
|
Leaves, root
|
• Medicine (stomach ailments, natural antibiotic for colds – infused)
|
IUCN (2004): 82, Accepted name
|
|
Cuscuta reflexa, Deukhuri N402-30
|
Convolvulaceae
|
Mistletoe
|
Aakashbeli (N) Baora (Th)
|
Climber
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (fever -juice of plant given orally, rheumatism and jaundice – plant paste applied externally)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
Cymbopogon flexuosus, Dang N206-31
|
Poaceae
|
Lemongrass
|
Ushir (N)
|
Grass
|
Leaves
|
• Medicine (aromatic stimulant, oil, colds- infused)
|
Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
|
Cynodon dactylon, Rupandehi N109-32
|
Poaceae
|
Bermuda or Dog tooth’s grass
|
Dubo (N), Dub (Th)
|
Herb
|
Entire plant
|
• Spiritual (green grass used to decorate garlands)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
Dalbergia sissoo DC, Deukhuri N404-39
|
Fabaceae
|
Indian rosewood
|
Sisau (N) Sisava (Th)
|
Tree
|
Bark, stem
|
• Fodder
|
IUCN (2004): 173, Accepted name
|
|
• Timber (house, furniture)
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
Dendrocalamus strictus, Dang N207-19
|
Graminaceae
|
Feathery bamboo
|
Baas (N)
|
Grass
|
Entire plant
|
• Timber (Fences for farms and livestock, windbreaks, houses)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 308, Accepted name
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
Duranta repens, Rupandehi N108-40
|
Verbenaceae
|
Golden dewdrop or Forgetmenot
|
Nil kanda (N)
|
Shrub
|
Flowers
|
• Ornamental (grown for decoration along roadsides)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 310, Synonym of Duranta repens L.
|
|
Eucalyptus robusta, Dang N202-41
|
Myrtacaeae
|
Gum tree
|
Masala (N)
|
Tree
|
Stem
|
• Timber (furniture)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 117
|
|
Chromolaeana odoratum L., Dang N210-26
|
Compositar
|
Croftonweed or sticky snakeroot
|
Banmara (N) Banmasa, Banmari (Th)
|
Shrub
|
Flowers
|
Invasive weed, plant around the house and it prevents snakes from coming in, flower is used for worship, invasive species seeds used for making antibiotic, fodder, pesticide, compost
|
USDA (2015), Accepted name
|
|
Euphorbia hirta L., Deukhuri N406-42
|
Euphorbiaceae
|
Asthma plant
|
Dudhe jaar (N), Doodhe jaare (Th)
|
Herb
|
Entire plant
|
• Fodder
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Cosmetic (seed used to wash hair)
|
|
• Medicine (plant juice applied to wounds)
|
|
Euphorbia royleana., Rupandehi N101-43
|
Euphorbiaceae
|
Cactus, Royles’ or Sullu spurge
|
Siundi (N)
|
Tree
|
Entire plant
|
• Timber (fences, have thorns to protect from wild animal raids)
|
IUCN (2004): 175, Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (ground material is used for coughs)
|
|
Ficus bengalensis, Dang N201-44
|
Moraceae
|
Banaya fig, or Indian Banyan
|
Bar (N), Bargad (Th)
|
Tree
|
Bark, latex
|
• Medicine (milky latex applied on muscular pain, infused barks given orally for diabetes)
|
IUCN (2004): 28, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
Ficus racemosa, Chitwan N301-45
|
Moraceae
|
Cluster fig, or Indian fig tree
|
Badar, Gular (N), Dumri (Th)
|
Tree
|
Fruit, stem
|
• Food (fruit)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 129, Mishra (2013), Accepted name
|
|
• Timber
|
|
Ficus religiosa L., Rupandehi N107-46
|
Moraceae
|
Bhodi or Peepal tree
|
Pipal (N)
|
Tree
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (cuts, cough – bark)
|
IUCN (2004): 145, Storrs and Storrs (1998): 129, Accepted name
|
|
• Spiritual (sacred tree in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism)
|
|
Ficus auriculate Lour., Chitwan N301-21
|
Moraceae
|
Roxburgh fig
|
Ninmaro (N)
|
Tree
|
Leaves, fruit
|
• Fodder
|
IUCN (2004), Accepted name
|
|
• Food (fruit)
|
|
Garuga pinnata,
Rupandehi N104-14
|
Bursaraceae
|
Garuga
|
Ramsing, Dabdabi (N), Dabdaai (Th)
|
Tree
|
Leaves
|
• Fodder
|
Mishra (2003), Accepted name
|
|
• Veterinary (medicine)
|
|
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Rupandehi N101-47
|
Malvaceae
|
Chinese hibiscus
|
Rakta puspi, Japa puspi (N)
|
Shrub
|
Flowers, seeds, roots
|
• Spiritual (flowers placed in entrance to homes as offerings)
|
Ross (2003), Accepted name
|
|
• Food (infusion)
|
|
Jacaranda mimosifolia, Rupandehi N101-48
|
Bignoniaceae
|
Jacaranda
|
Jacaranda (N)
|
Tree
|
Flowers
|
• Ornamental • Spiritual (flowers placed in entrance to homes as offerings)
|
IUCN (2004): 156, Accepted name
|
|
Jatropha curcas L., Dang N208-49
|
Euphorbiaceae
|
Physic nut
|
Sajiwan, Sajiba (N) (Th)
|
Tree
|
Seeds, stems
|
• Timber (fences, livestock pens)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 314, Accepted name
|
|
• Household (biodiesel produced on a small-scale, seeds used for burning candles, brushing the teeth – shoot)
|
|
• Medicine (prevents gingivitis)
|
|
Justicia adhatoda L., Deukhuri N408-50
|
Acanthaceae
|
Malabar nut
|
Asuro (N) Osuro, Ross (Th)
|
Shrub
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (headaches, dizziness, coughs, malaria treatment- dried powder of entire plant, swelling - grind leaves and drink)
|
IUCN (2004): 21, Storrs and Storrs (1998): 161, Accepted name
|
|
• Pesticide
|
|
• Compost for seedlings in rice fields
|
|
• Timber (windbreaks, fences, houses)
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
• Food (vegetable)
|
|
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr, Dang N206-51
|
Anacardiaceae
|
Indian ash tree
|
Jinghat (N)
|
Tree
|
Leaves
|
• Fodder
|
Mishra (2003), Flowers of India (2015), Accepted name
|
|
Lantana camara L., Deukhuri N401-52
|
Verbenaceae
|
Lantana
|
Ban fanda, Masino kanda (N)
|
Herb
|
Flowers
|
• Spiritual (ornamental flower)
|
Ghosh (2012) Ethnobotanical Soc of Nepal (2015), Accepted name
|
|
• Disservice (invasive species, toxic to livestock)
|
|
Leucaena leucocephala, Rupandehi N103-33
|
Leguminosae
|
Leucaena
|
Ipil-ipil (N) (Th)
|
Tree
|
Stem, leaves
|
• Fodder (for goats)
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Storrs and Storrs (1998): 4, Accepted name
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
• Soil (erosion prevention along riverbanks)
|
|
Litchi chinensis, Deukhuri-N406-53
|
Sapindaceae
|
Litchee
|
Litchi (N) (Th)
|
Tree
|
Fruit
|
• Food (fruit)
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (tonic, bites of animals)
|
|
Mangifera indica L., Rupandehi N104-54
|
Anacardiaceae
|
Mango
|
Amp (N)
|
Tree
|
Fruit, bark
|
• Food (fruit)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 179, Accepted name
|
|
• Shade
|
|
• Medicine (stomach pains, fever – bath in cool water)
|
|
• Fuel (heating)
|
|
• Timber (house, furniture)
|
|
Melia azedarach L., Rupandehi N110-55
|
Meliaceae
|
Persian lilac
|
Bakaino/a (N), Bakain (Th)
|
Tree
|
Leaves, Flowers and fruit
|
• Fodder
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Storrs and Storrs (1998): 179, Accepted name
|
|
• Pesticides (leaves stored in airtight container and left to decay, and sprayed on leaves)
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
• Medicine (blood purifier- root, nausea, worms, leaf paste applied for scabies)
|
|
Mentha arvensis L., Chitwan N304-27
|
Labiatae
|
Peppermint
|
Pudina (N), Baabari (Th)
|
Herb
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (nausea, painkiller for headaches, neck pain, joint/back pain – applied externally with four parts oil and one part of crushed mint)
|
Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Food (pickle)
|
|
Michelia champaca, N302-35
|
Magnoliaceae
|
Champak
|
Champaa (N), Chuwa (Th)
|
Tree
|
Flowers, leaves
|
• Medicine (blood pressure, diabetes)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 184, Synonym of Magnolia champaca (L.)
|
|
• Spiritual (offering in temples and homes)
|
|
Mimosa pudica L., Chitwan N301-56
|
Leguminosae
|
Touch-me-not or Humble plant
|
Lajjawati (N)
|
Shrub
|
Leaves
|
• Medicine (constipation, extended stomach – roots ground and is mixed with Tulsi, Rudilo, Beloti leaves, Titepati and the root of Datiwan – eaten on Tuesdays and Thursdays)
|
IUCN (2004): 118, Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
Musa paradisiac L., Dang N203-57
|
Musaceae
|
Banana
|
Kera (N) (Th)
|
Shrub
|
Entire plant
|
• Food (fruit)
|
Kerkhoff (2003), Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Soil (soil potassium input)
|
|
• Household (leaf used to place meat which is cut on top)
|
|
•Medicine (dysentery – fruit roasted)
|
|
Neolamarckia cadamba, Deukhuri N401-58
|
Rubiceae
|
Kadamba tree
|
Kadam, Kadamba (N)
|
Tree
|
Stem, leaves
|
•Timber (low-grade wood used for light construction)
|
WCFP (2015), Accepted name
|
|
• Fuel (cooking, heating)
|
|
• Medicine (mouth gargle – extract of leaves)
|
|
• Fodder (cattle)
|
|
• Spiritual (In Hinduism the sacred couple of Shiva and Parvati came to Sahyadr, and gave birth to a child under the Kadam tree)
|
|
Nyctanthes arbor-trisis L., Chitwan N304-59
|
Oleaceae
|
Coral jasmine
|
Parijat, Paarijaat (N), Raatki rani, Hasna (Th)
|
Shrub
|
Flowers, seeds, leaves
|
• Spiritual (flower used in several Hindu religious stories and is often related to the Kalpavriksha)
|
Govt of Nepal (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (cough, asthma, diuretic)
|
|
Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Rupandehi N103-60
|
Lamiaceae
|
Holy or Sacred basil
|
Krishna tulsi (N), Kalo tulasi (Th)
|
Herb
|
Entire plant
|
• Medicine (cough, fever, immune booster – infused daily with turmeric)
|
IUCN (2004): 189, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Spiritual (grown in homes for daily offering)
|
|
•Soil (ground cover to retain moisture)
|
|
Oxalis corniculata L., Dang N201-76
|
Oxalidaceae
|
Creeping sorrel
|
Carii Amilo, Caremalaa (N)
|
Creeper
|
Flowers, leaves
|
• Food (leaves edible, with tangy taste of lemon)
|
IUCN (2004): 49, Accepted name
|
|
• Disservice (invasive weed in fallow land)
|
|
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Kalanchoe piñata), Dang N210-18
|
Crassulaceae
|
Life plant, Air plant, Miracle leaf
|
Ajambari/a (N)
|
Herb
|
Root, leaves, stem
|
• Compost manure (leaves)
|
Mandal et al. (2013), Synonym Solanum pinnatum
|
|
• Timber (fences, canals)
|
|
• Disservice (if the leaves are eaten by the livestock they die)
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
|
Paris polyphylla Sm., Chitwan N301-61
|
Melanthiaceae
|
Herb paris
|
Langokloti, Satuwa (Th)
|
Herb
|
Leaves, fruit
|
• Medicine (fever, headache – mix with tobacco)
|
Madhu et al. (2010), Accepted name
|
|
• Veterinary (medicine for livestock)
|
|
• Spiritual (Gurungs (a caste) harvest the fruit on Tuesdays of mid April)
|
|
Phyllanthus emblica L., Rupandehi N102-62
|
Phyllanthaceae
|
Indian gooseberry
|
Amala (N), Aura (Th)
|
Tree
|
Leaves, bark, fruit
|
• Food (fruit)
|
IUCN (2004): 16, Storrs and Storrs (1998): 209, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
• Medicine (gastric problems including dysentery, constipation, stomach tumours and back pain – bark juice given orally, sore throat and colds – decoction)
|
|
• Household (used in soaps and cosmetics)
|
|
Pogostemon benghalensis, Chitwan N304-34
|
Lamiaceae
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Bengal pogostemon
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Rudhilo (N)
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Herb
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Flowers, roots, leaves, shoots
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• Medicine (Temperature balance, sinus, cold, sedative, stimulant, styptic))
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Dongol (2005), Accepted name
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• Compost manure
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• Spiritual (flowers used for garlands)
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• Household (patchouli / dilem essential oil)
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Psidium guajava L., Dang N208-04
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Myrtaceae
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Guava
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Aamba, Belauti (N) Belaun (Th)
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Tree
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Fruit, stem
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• Food (fruit)
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Kerkhoff (2003), Accepted name
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• Fuel (cooking, heating)
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• Medicine (throat, diarrhea, vomiting)
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Pueraria tuberosa (Willd) DC, Rupandehi N105-63
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Leguminosae
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Indian kudzu
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Kudzu (N) Biralikand (Th)
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Climber
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Root, fruit
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• Medicine (relieves constipation, eases bowel movement, boosts immunity)
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IUCN (2004): 46, Accepted name, Synonym Hedysarum tuberosum
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Rauvolfia serpentine L., Rupandehi N107-64
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Apocynaceae
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Indian snakeroot
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Sarpagangha (N)
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Shrub
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Flowers, roots
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• Medicine (stomach pain, bowel disorder, dysentery, hypotension, sedative)
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Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
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• Spiritual (used in meditation)
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Ricinus communis L., Rupandehi N101-65
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Euphorbiaceae
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Castor oil
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Ander (N) Yamyam (Th)
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Shrub
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Root, leaves, seeds
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• Medicine (sprains – seed oil or leaves heated and massaged, rheumatic pain – given orally)
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Storrs and Storrs (1998): 336, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
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Salix x. fragilis L., Dang N207-66
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Salicaceae
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Willow
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Bainsh (N)
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Tree
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Entire plant
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• Ornamental
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Aziz (2007), Accepted name
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• Timber
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• Shade
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• Fodder
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• Medicine (fever)
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Sapindus mukorossi, Chitwan N301-67
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Sapindaceae
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Soap nut
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Rittha (N)
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Tree
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Fruit, leaves
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• Household (nut used for soap, leaves used for baskets)
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IUCN (2004): 155, Accepted name
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• Food
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• Medicine (epilepsy, salivation)
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Semecarpus anacardium, Deukhuri N408-68
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Anacardiaceae
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Marking nut tree
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Bhalayo (N)
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Tree
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Fruit
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• Medicine (fruit and nuts used for skin allergies, ash used for scorpion or snake bites)
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Storrs and Storrs (1998): 261, Ambiguous
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Shorea robusta, Deukhuri N403-74
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Dipterocarpaceae
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Sal tree
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Sal (N) Sakhuwa (Th)
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Tree
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Root, bark, resin, seed
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• Timber (hardwood for furniture, buildings)
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Storrs and Storrs (1998): 264, IUCN (2004): 158, Kerkhoff (2003), Accepted name
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• Fuel (cooking)
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• Medicine (Diarrhea, bloody dysentery - administered orally)
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|
|
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Syzygium cumini L., Dang N201-75
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Myraceae
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Black plum or Indian blackberry
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Phader (N) Jamun, Jamuna (Th)
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Tree
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Fruit, bark, seed, leaf
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• Medicine (Diarrhea, indigestion, headaches, constipation – fruit given orally, bronchitis – bark, leaf and seed, powder is given orally to reduce sugar levels in blood for diabetes and to improve the heart)
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IUCN (2004): 90, Ghosh (2012), Accepted name
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• Fodder
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• Food (fruit eaten or fermented for alcohol)
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Terminalia bellirica, Rupandehi N102-69
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Combretaceae
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Barro or Bekkeric myrobalan
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Barro (N) Baheda (Th)
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Tree
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Seeds
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• Household (soap, hair oil)
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IUCN (2004): 29, Accepted name
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• Medicine (gastric, dry cough, cold – roast the seed and chew)
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Terminalia chebula, Deukhuri N405-70
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Combretaceae
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Yellow or Chebulic myrobalan
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Rohini (N)
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Tree
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Fruit
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• Food (fruit, young leaves pickled or made into preserves when boiled and added with sugar)
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Bhattarai et al. (2006), Accepted name
|
|
• Fuel
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
• Medicine (compounds of chebulic acid inhibit the growth of malignant tumours, cures blindness)
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Themeda triandra, Dang – N201-09
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Graminae
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Kangaroo or Rui grass
|
Khari (N), Kiyar (Th)
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Tree
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Stem, leaves
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• Timber (furniture)
|
Storrs and Storrs (1998): 78, Accepted name
|
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• Medicine (pain in the body)
|
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• Household (clothing dye)
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
• Fuel (cooking)
|
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Thysanolaena maxima, Chitwan N304-02
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Poaceae
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Broom or Bouquet grass
|
Amriso (N)
|
Herb
|
Leaf, stem
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• Household (used to make brooms)
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Shankar et al. (2001), Synonym of Thysanolaena latifolia
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|
Tinospora sinensis, Dang N204-71
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Menispermaceae
|
Guduchi
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Gurjoo (N)
|
Shrub
|
Leaves
|
• Medicine (fever, maintains thermal balance)
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IUCN (2004): 80, Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
|
• Fodder
|
|
Vitex negundo L., Rupandehi N107-72
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Verbenaceae
|
Chaste tree
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Simali (N)
|
Shrub
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Leaves
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• Medicine (stomach pain, juice given orally)
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IUCN (2004): 169, Singh et al. (2012), Accepted name
|
|
Zanthoxylum armatum DC., Dang N205-38
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Rutaceae
|
Winged prickly ash
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Timur (N)
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Tree
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Fruit
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• Medicine (toothache, common cold, cough, fever - particularly for children)
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Govt of Nepal (2014), Accepted name
|
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Zingiber officinale, Dang N207-73
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Zingiberaceae
|
Ginger
|
Ardhrakam (N)
|
Herb
|
Root
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• Medicine (sore throat, cough)
|
USDA (2013), Accepted name
|
|