[1] Freedman VA, Crimmins E, Schoeni RF, Spillman BC, Aykan H, Kramarow E, Land K, Lubitz J, Manton K, Martin LG, Shinberg D, Waidmann T (2004) Resolving inconsistences in trends in old-age disability: Report from a technical working group. Demography 41: 417-441.
[2] Oe S, Togawa D, Nakai K, Yamada T, Arima H, Banno T, Yasuda T, Kobayasi S, Yamato Y, Hasegawa T, Yoshida G, Matsuyama Y (2015) The influence of age and sex on cervical spinal alignment among volunteers aged over 50. Spine 40: 1487-1494.
[3] Asai Y, Tsutsui S, Oka H, Yoshimura N, Hashizume H, Yamada H, Akune T, Muraki S, Matsudaira K, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Tanaka S, Yoshida M (2017) Sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in adults: The Wakayama Spine Study. PLoS One 12: e0178697.
[4] Dubousset J (1994) Three-dimensional analysis of the scoliotic deformity. In: Weinstein SL, ed. Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Raven Press.
[5] Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, Horton W, Berven S, Schwab F (2005) The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine 30: 2024-2029.
[6] Ahn IS, Kim JH, Kim S, Chung JW, Kim H, Kang HS, Kim DK (2009) Impairment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Psychiatry Invest 6: 180-184.
[7] Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, Ng CK (2015) Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people. Clin Interv Aging 10: 687-693.
[8] Uehara M, Takahashi J, Ikegami S, Tokida R, Nishimura H, Sakai N, Kato H (2018) Sagittal spinal alignment deviation in the general elderly population: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry. Spine J 8; 18: 30625-30629.
[9] Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53: 695-699.
[10] Fujiwara Y, Suzuki H, Yasunaga M, Sugiyama M, Ijuin M, Sakuma N, Inagaki H, Iwasa H, Ura C, Yatomi N, Ishii K, Tokumaru AM, Homma A, Nasreddine Z, Shinkai S (2010) Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 10(3): 225-232.
[11] Davis DH, Creavin ST, Yip JL, Noel-Storr AH, Brayne C, Cullum S (2015) Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10: CD010775.
[12] Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12(3): 189-198.
[13] Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Hirai HW, Wong SY, Kwok TC (2015) Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 175(9): 1450-1458.
[14] Kim KW, Park JH, Kim MH, Kim MD, Kim BJ, Kim SK, Kim JL, Moon SW, Bae JN, Woo JI, Ryu SH, Yoon JC, Lee NJ, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Lee JY, Lee CU, Chang SM, Jhoo JH, Cho MJ. (2011) A nationwide survey on the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in South Korea. J Alzheimers Dis. 23(2):281-91.
[15] Plassman BL, Langa KM, Fisher GG, Heeringa SG, Weir DR, Ofstedal MB, Burke JR, Hurd MD, Potter GG, Rodgers WL, Steffens DC, Willis RJ, Wallace RB (2007) Prevalence of dementia in the United States: the aging, demographics, and memory study. Neuroepidemiology 29: 125-132.
[16] Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Bennett DA (2007) Physical activity and motor decline in older persons. Muscle Nerve 35: 354-362.
[17] Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kuslansky G, Katz MJ, Buschke H (2002) Abnormality of gait as a predictor of non-Alzheimer's dementia. N Engl J Med 347: 1761-1768.
[18] Waite LM, Grayson DA, Piguet O, Creasey H, Bennett HP, Broe GA (2005) Gait slowing as a predictor of incident dementia: 6-year longitudinal data from the Sydney Older Persons Study. J Neurol Sci 229-230: 89-93.
[19] Bakhsheshian J, Scheer JK, Gum JL, Hostin R, Lafage V, Bess S, Protopsaltis TS, Burton DC, Keefe MK, Hart RA, Mundis GM Jr, Shaffrey CI, Schwab F, Smith JS, Ames CP; International Spine Study Group. (2017) Impact of poor mental health in adult spinal deformity patients with poor physical function: a retrospective analysis with a 2-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine. 26(1):116-124.
[20] Matsuyama Y. (2017) Surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity: Conceptual approach and surgical strategy. Spine Surg Relat Res. 1(2): 56-60.