Table 1 The descriptive statistics of the study population in Taiyuan, China, 2015–2020 (n = 516)
Characteristics
|
Mean ± SD/N (%)
|
Age (years)
|
31.48 ± 4.12
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
22.83 ± 3.17
|
Duration of infertility (years)
|
3.50 ± 2.80
|
Type of infertility
|
|
Primary infertility
|
297 (57.6)
|
Secondary infertility
|
219 (42.4)
|
Causes of infertility
|
|
Tubal and Uterine factor
|
270 (52.3)
|
Endometriosis
|
24 (4.7)
|
Ovulatory dysfunction
|
12 (2.3)
|
Male factor
|
97 (18.8)
|
Unexplained
|
80 (15.5)
|
Both factor
|
22 (4.3)
|
Others
|
11 (2.1)
|
IVF/ICSI
|
|
IVF
|
382 (74.0)
|
ICSI
|
134 (26.0)
|
Basal hormone levels
|
|
Basal FSH (mIU/ml)
|
8.77 ± 2.76
|
Basal LH (mIU/ml)
|
4.64 ± 2.36
|
Basal E2 (pg/ml)
|
70.96 ± 26.88
|
Number of oocytes retrieved
|
10.78 ± 5.26
|
IVF outcomes
|
|
Biochemical pregnancy
|
255 (49.4)
|
Clinical pregnancy
|
217 (42.1)
|
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; IVF, in vitro fertilization; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; E2, estradiol
Table 2 The summary statistics of air pollutants and their pairwise correlations in different exposure periods
Exposure period
|
Air pollutant
|
|
|
|
|
Percentiles
|
Spearman correlation coefficient
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Min
|
Max
|
25th
|
50th
|
75th
|
PM2.5
|
PM10
|
SO2
|
CO
|
NO2
|
O3
|
AQI
|
P1
|
PM2.5
|
57.75
|
18.13
|
22.00
|
134.00
|
45.12
|
52.04
|
68.85
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
118.52
|
25.06
|
45.62
|
268.00
|
101.67
|
114.51
|
132.29
|
0.89
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
41.30
|
29.30
|
9.81
|
183.44
|
22.11
|
32.14
|
51.88
|
0.73
|
0.64
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.39
|
2.82
|
0.77
|
46.22
|
0.93
|
1.16
|
1.38
|
0.72
|
0.57
|
0.91
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
46.91
|
9.60
|
14.00
|
91.00
|
39.14
|
45.88
|
53.77
|
0.69
|
0.74
|
0.23
|
0.29
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
93.24
|
35.27
|
32.23
|
227.00
|
63.86
|
91.71
|
118.20
|
-0.76
|
-0.63
|
-0.72
|
-0.77
|
-0.43
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
101.42
|
17.78
|
45.26
|
255.00
|
89.33
|
101.44
|
109.58
|
0.68
|
0.74
|
0.35
|
0.32
|
0.74
|
-0.29
|
1.00
|
P2
|
PM2.5
|
57.69
|
18.62
|
26.22
|
131.97
|
44.16
|
52.31
|
67.77
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
118.10
|
25.37
|
60.41
|
202.45
|
102.54
|
115.93
|
131.41
|
0.88
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
41.66
|
30.76
|
8.78
|
210.25
|
21.17
|
30.67
|
52.02
|
0.77
|
0.62
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.22
|
0.36
|
0.77
|
2.28
|
0.95
|
1.15
|
1.42
|
0.73
|
0.53
|
0.92
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
46.74
|
9.55
|
25.68
|
69.70
|
38.42
|
45.70
|
53.32
|
0.66
|
0.76
|
0.23
|
0.26
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
92.42
|
36.21
|
27.31
|
172.01
|
60.60
|
87.72
|
120.36
|
-0.78
|
-0.61
|
-0.73
|
-0.77
|
-0.42
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
100.65
|
17.12
|
62.14
|
169.60
|
89.36
|
99.75
|
109.21
|
0.70
|
0.75
|
0.40
|
0.38
|
0.73
|
-0.31
|
1.00
|
P3
|
PM2.5
|
57.86
|
20.14
|
24.06
|
174.00
|
43.99
|
51.92
|
68.79
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
117.95
|
27.58
|
59.33
|
268.00
|
101.93
|
116.00
|
131.57
|
0.85
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
43.08
|
36.15
|
8.12
|
354.00
|
20.93
|
30.26
|
54.47
|
0.79
|
0.58
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.24
|
0.47
|
0.77
|
6.80
|
0.96
|
1.13
|
1.44
|
0.73
|
0.45
|
0.91
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
46.72
|
10.18
|
25.53
|
120.00
|
37.41
|
45.95
|
52.90
|
0.66
|
0.76
|
0.26
|
0.27
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
92.05
|
37.29
|
26.02
|
185.00
|
59.12
|
90.77
|
120.39
|
-0.76
|
-0.56
|
-0.72
|
-0.74
|
-0.42
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
100.55
|
19.40
|
60.81
|
230.00
|
88.89
|
98.22
|
109.37
|
0.69
|
0.75
|
0.41
|
0.38
|
0.71
|
-0.29
|
1.00
|
P4
|
PM2.5
|
57.87
|
28.24
|
23.15
|
187.50
|
39.52
|
50.00
|
67.82
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
120.80
|
38.17
|
44.92
|
257.44
|
95.96
|
116.53
|
143.72
|
0.86
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
39.61
|
37.80
|
5.64
|
227.58
|
17.22
|
29.26
|
44.80
|
0.73
|
0.66
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.17
|
0.43
|
0.65
|
2.95
|
0.86
|
1.06
|
1.39
|
0.74
|
0.55
|
0.86
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
47.34
|
11.96
|
22.86
|
81.17
|
38.06
|
46.26
|
54.24
|
0.63
|
0.69
|
0.38
|
0.41
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
94.07
|
45.43
|
0.50
|
221.00
|
60.45
|
92.10
|
123.48
|
-0.59
|
-0.48
|
-0.67
|
-0.69
|
-0.42
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
101.72
|
28.45
|
46.62
|
227.67
|
83.00
|
96.26
|
113.93
|
0.70
|
0.70
|
0.41
|
0.44
|
0.57
|
-0.14
|
1.00
|
P5
|
PM2.5
|
58.72
|
32.73
|
16.00
|
222.75
|
36.31
|
49.75
|
69.38
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
120.77
|
46.11
|
35.00
|
331.00
|
86.44
|
112.00
|
150.75
|
0.86
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
38.21
|
37.42
|
4.25
|
272.50
|
15.75
|
27.00
|
43.13
|
0.63
|
0.64
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.18
|
0.46
|
0.50
|
3.15
|
0.85
|
1.05
|
1.38
|
0.74
|
0.59
|
0.79
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
47.63
|
14.42
|
17.50
|
96.75
|
37.00
|
45.50
|
57.69
|
0.65
|
0.72
|
0.45
|
0.48
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
96.16
|
49.62
|
0.00
|
243.25
|
56.25
|
93.75
|
128.06
|
-0.42
|
-0.35
|
-0.61
|
-0.56
|
-0.32
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
103.33
|
34.96
|
41.75
|
267.00
|
78.25
|
97.63
|
119.25
|
0.72
|
0.72
|
0.35
|
0.48
|
0.57
|
-0.16
|
1.00
|
P6
|
PM2.5
|
59.18
|
30.36
|
24.69
|
214.64
|
40.53
|
48.61
|
68.95
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
122.24
|
40.91
|
53.13
|
282.78
|
95.14
|
117.73
|
143.25
|
0.87
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
39.70
|
39.29
|
5.93
|
247.56
|
16.53
|
27.64
|
47.07
|
0.72
|
0.69
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.19
|
0.47
|
0.62
|
3.23
|
0.87
|
1.05
|
1.36
|
0.74
|
0.58
|
0.85
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
47.97
|
13.03
|
26.92
|
89.33
|
38.27
|
45.71
|
55.54
|
0.66
|
0.72
|
0.42
|
0.45
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
95.37
|
47.66
|
9.33
|
213.17
|
51.88
|
94.93
|
128.73
|
-0.64
|
-0.56
|
-0.72
|
-0.70
|
-0.46
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
104.32
|
30.37
|
51.13
|
258.36
|
84.20
|
98.94
|
115.53
|
0.64
|
0.64
|
0.34
|
0.43
|
0.53
|
-0.13
|
1.00
|
P7
|
PM2.5
|
58.64
|
26.36
|
27.44
|
199.33
|
41.54
|
49.64
|
67.13
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PM10
|
120.68
|
36.15
|
57.39
|
264.92
|
97.59
|
118.90
|
134.86
|
0.88
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SO2
|
40.16
|
38.42
|
6.25
|
228.25
|
17.59
|
26.04
|
47.83
|
0.81
|
0.70
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
CO
|
1.20
|
0.45
|
0.67
|
3.03
|
0.86
|
1.05
|
1.42
|
0.80
|
0.58
|
0.88
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
NO2
|
47.68
|
11.84
|
30.08
|
83.42
|
37.90
|
45.74
|
56.59
|
0.70
|
0.76
|
0.43
|
0.46
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
O3
|
95.97
|
47.57
|
22.06
|
198.36
|
50.40
|
96.67
|
135.72
|
-0.80
|
-0.69
|
-0.78
|
-0.76
|
-0.54
|
1.00
|
|
|
AQI
|
104.12
|
25.30
|
62.81
|
241.58
|
89.26
|
98.22
|
115.93
|
0.55
|
0.56
|
0.35
|
0.39
|
0.56
|
-0.22
|
1.00
|
P1, period 1; P2, period 2; P3, period 3; P4, period 4; P5, period 5; P6, period 6; P7, period 7; PM10, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; SO2, sulfur dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; AQI, air quality index; SD: standard deviation
Table 3 Risk analysis between air pollutants quartiles and biochemical pregnancy outcome during each exposure period
Air pollutant
|
Exposure period
|
P1
|
P2
|
P3
|
P4
|
P5
|
P6
|
P7
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
PM2.5
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.886 (0.359 2.187)
|
0.948 (0.382 2.354)
|
0.575 (0.229 1.441)
|
1.731 (0.666 4.502)
|
0.983 (0.386 2.502)
|
1.353 (0.555 3.295)
|
0.978 (0.403 2.375)
|
|
Q3
|
0.805 (0.316 2.050)
|
1.183 (0.435 3.215)
|
0.836 (0.305 2.295)
|
1.894 (0.738 4.865)
|
0.642 (0.254 1.624)
|
1.675 (0.631 4.447)
|
1.290 (0.513 3.243)
|
|
Q4
|
0.653 (0.243 1.754)
|
0.742 (0.264 2.087)
|
0.715 (0.264 1.942)
|
0.621 (0.228 1.696)
|
0.537 (0.200 1.438)
|
0.696 (0.271 1.789)
|
0.490 (0.182 1.316)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.386
|
0.695
|
0.798
|
0.401
|
0.125
|
0.504
|
0.279
|
PM10
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.938 (0.389 2.262)
|
0.881 (0.361 2.149)
|
1.280 (0.533 3.072)
|
1.958 (0.793 4.829)
|
1.224 (0.502 2.987)
|
0.690 (0.280 1.700)
|
0.758 (0.307 1.867)
|
|
Q3
|
0.728 (0.280 1.893)
|
1.096 (0.413 2.909)
|
1.454 (0.558 3.785)
|
1.632 (0.620 4.297)
|
0.751 (0.311 1.810)
|
1.745 (0.705 4.316)
|
1.324 (0.550 3.187)
|
|
Q4
|
0.687 (0.261 1.808)
|
0.596 (0.219 1.617)
|
0.782 (0.294 2.075)
|
0.528 (0.203 1.374)
|
0.825 (0.324 2.099)
|
0.701 (0.274 1.790)
|
0.581 (0.221 1.526)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.362
|
0.422
|
0.728
|
0.159
|
0.446
|
0.986
|
0.566
|
SO2
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.589 (0.229 1.513)
|
1.014 (0.394 2.613)
|
0.906 (0.338 2.430)
|
0.628 (0.236 1.666)
|
0.777 (0.293 2.062)
|
0.968 (0.366 2.557)
|
1.199 (0.455 3.163)
|
|
Q3
|
0.730 (0.245 2.175)
|
0.857 (0.296 2.479)
|
1.422 (0.495 4.086)
|
1.259 (0.489 3.238)
|
0.843 (0.324 2.194)
|
1.117 (0.451 2.765)
|
0.954 (0.367 2.480)
|
|
Q4
|
0.805 (0.302 2.140)
|
1.149 (0.432 3.055)
|
1.107 (0.406 3.020)
|
0.876 (0.342 2.244)
|
1.005 (0.373 2.707)
|
1.007 (0.391 2.593)
|
0.712 (0.258 1.967)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.937
|
0.8
|
0.655
|
0.907
|
0.892
|
0.915
|
0.39
|
CO (mg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.554 (0.209 1.472)
|
0.710 (0.254 1.984)
|
0.729 (0.266 1.999)
|
0.582 (0.206 1.646)
|
0.936 (0.351 2.496)
|
0.682 (0.259 1.800)
|
0.733 (0.278 1.936)
|
|
Q3
|
0.677 (0.239 1.913)
|
0.725 (0.258 2.038)
|
0.694 (0.250 1.923)
|
0.879 (0.317 2.437)
|
0.472 (0.171 1.307)
|
0.582 (0.222 1.528)
|
1.101 (0.402 3.011)
|
|
Q4
|
0.791 (0.292 2.139)
|
0.873 (0.312 2.444)
|
1.007 (0.358 2.828)
|
0.491 (0.168 1.438)
|
0.540 (0.187 1.564)
|
0.550 (0.201 1.509)
|
0.552 (0.192 1.589)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.944
|
0.957
|
0.863
|
0.361
|
0.097
|
0.245
|
0.462
|
NO2
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.734 (0.309 1.740)
|
0.959 (0.402 2.287)
|
1.069 (0.431 2.647)
|
0.333 (0.132 0.838)
|
0.486 (0.205 1.154)
|
1.027 (0.394 2.678)
|
0.521 (0.218 1.249)
|
|
Q3
|
0.501 (0.206 1.216)
|
0.670 (0.273 1.644)
|
0.671 (0.284 1.584)
|
1.189 (0.494 2.862)
|
0.668 (0.286 1.560)
|
0.677 (0.302 1.517)
|
0.445 (0.181 1.098)
|
|
Q4
|
0.440 (0.170 1.135)
|
0.480 (0.191 1.209)
|
0.646 (0.261 1.597)
|
0.352 (0.133 0.932)
|
0.662 (0.249 1.757)
|
0.682 (0.267 1.741)
|
0.374 (0.141 0.990)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.054
|
0.095
|
0.24
|
0.283
|
0.417
|
0.287
|
0.031
|
O3
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
2.313 (0.910 5.881)
|
1.336 (0.538 3.319)
|
1.169 (0.481 2.844)
|
2.608 (1.046 6.504)
|
3.261 (1.237 8.595)
|
1.965 (0.776 4.975)
|
2.409 (0.913 6.359)
|
|
Q3
|
2.040 (0.817 5.096)
|
1.148 (0.457 2.886)
|
1.143 (0.458 2.853)
|
1.875 (0.743 4.735)
|
2.739 (1.026 7.310)
|
2.236 (0.846 5.911)
|
1.998 (0.734 5.437)
|
|
Q4
|
1.472 (0.566 3.832)
|
1.391 (0.562 3.442)
|
1.143 (0.473 2.763)
|
1.743 (0.688 4.421)
|
2.175 (0.787 6.010)
|
1.998 (0.737 5.418)
|
2.008 (0.695 5.802)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.472
|
0.56
|
0.783
|
0.385
|
0.234
|
0.19
|
0.35
|
AQI
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
1.362 (0.552 3.364)
|
1.007 (0.413 2.454)
|
1.698 (0.679 4.250)
|
1.774 (0.691 4.554)
|
0.950 (0.406 2.219)
|
1.379 (0.587 3.242)
|
1.696 (0.714 4.030)
|
|
Q3
|
0.684 (0.280 1.675)
|
1.320 (0.538 3.237)
|
1.556 (0.625 3.871)
|
0.941 (0.366 2.421)
|
1.020 (0.408 2.554)
|
0.846 (0.339 2.112)
|
0.844 (0.343 2.079)
|
|
Q4
|
0.881 (0.354 2.193)
|
0.667 (0.269 1.656)
|
0.855 (0.344 2.123)
|
0.476 (0.190 1.192)
|
0.640 (0.250 1.636)
|
0.878 (0.341 2.260)
|
0.808 (0.320 2.040)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.481
|
0.561
|
0.742
|
0.059
|
0.419
|
0.589
|
0.403
|
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; P1, period 1; P2, period 2; P3, period 3; P4, period 4; P5, period 5; P6, period 6; P7, period 7; PM10, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; SO2, sulfur dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; AQI, air quality index; Q1, the first quartile; Q2, the second quartile; Q3, the third quartile; Q4, the fourth quartile.
Adjusting for age, BMI, duration of infertility, type of infertility, causes of infertility, IVF/ICSI, basal FSH, basal LH, basal E2 and number of oocytes retrieved.
Table 4 Risk analysis between air pollutants quartiles and clinical pregnancy outcome during each exposure period
Air pollutant
|
Exposure period
|
P1
|
P2
|
P3
|
P4
|
P5
|
P6
|
P7
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
PM2.5
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
1.342 (0.545 3.307)
|
1.136 (0.450 2.867)
|
0.431 (0.166 1.115)
|
1.815 (0.688 4.787)
|
0.600 (0.237 1.521)
|
1.432 (0.579 3.540)
|
1.825 (0.734 4.535)
|
|
Q3
|
0.850 (0.329 2.199)
|
1.027 (0.370 2.850)
|
0.622 (0.223 1.735)
|
2.149 (0.826 5.592)
|
0.517 (0.204 1.312)
|
1.519 (0.568 4.064)
|
2.019 (0.791 5.155)
|
|
Q4
|
0.842 (0.313 2.265)
|
0.843 (0.298 2.384)
|
0.529 (0.192 1.459)
|
0.674 (0.238 1.910)
|
0.646 (0.245 1.702)
|
0.967 (0.371 2.523)
|
1.037 (0.387 2.783)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.503
|
0.658
|
0.465
|
0.55
|
0.356
|
0.898
|
0.852
|
PM10
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.956 (0.396 2.310)
|
0.554 (0.223 1.376)
|
0.795 (0.326 1.939)
|
1.962 (0.788 4.882)
|
1.122 (0.456 2.763)
|
0.948 (0.375 2.399)
|
1.237 (0.492 3.106)
|
|
Q3
|
0.641 (0.241 1.703)
|
0.737 (0.277 1.960)
|
0.810 (0.312 2.102)
|
1.533 (0.589 3.993)
|
1.196 (0.493 2.899)
|
2.291 (0.920 5.705)
|
2.031 (0.842 4.901)
|
|
Q4
|
0.782 (0.298 2.055)
|
0.483 (0.175 1.330)
|
0.567 (0.212 1.517)
|
0.487 (0.178 1.332)
|
1.035 (0.399 2.685)
|
1.009 (0.388 2.628)
|
0.920 (0.342 2.475)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.446
|
0.274
|
0.294
|
0.144
|
0.892
|
0.475
|
0.703
|
SO2
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
1.096 (0.423 2.841)
|
1.796 (0.670 4.814)
|
1.968 (0.689 5.617)
|
1.035 (0.380 2.820)
|
1.254 (0.466 3.371)
|
1.980 (0.734 5.339)
|
2.602 (0.946 7.159)
|
|
Q3
|
1.400 (0.465 4.215)
|
1.780 (0.600 5.285)
|
2.698 (0.902 8.066)
|
2.016 (0.778 5.228)
|
1.425 (0.530 3.829)
|
2.081 (0.809 5.348)
|
2.088 (0.763 5.715)
|
|
Q4
|
1.293 (0.477 3.504)
|
1.936 (0.700 5.359)
|
2.113 (0.734 6.080)
|
1.386 (0.530 3.622)
|
1.439 (0.525 3.939)
|
1.628 (0.605 4.381)
|
1.522 (0.524 4.423)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.561
|
0.286
|
0.221
|
0.344
|
0.47
|
0.357
|
0.735
|
CO
(mg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
1.160 (0.436 3.090)
|
1.734 (0.599 5.019)
|
1.919 (0.674 5.459)
|
1.229 (0.433 3.484)
|
1.302 (0.494 3.429)
|
0.981 (0.374 2.573)
|
1.463 (0.532 4.022)
|
|
Q3
|
1.197 (0.427 3.353)
|
1.458 (0.506 4.206)
|
1.219 (0.427 3.478)
|
1.757 (0.627 4.924)
|
0.638 (0.226 1.804)
|
0.925 (0.348 2.455)
|
2.208 (0.774 6.297)
|
|
Q4
|
1.291 (0.475 3.506)
|
1.646 (0.568 4.769)
|
1.881 (0.651 5.439)
|
0.649 (0.218 1.935)
|
0.914 (0.320 2.610)
|
0.860 (0.317 2.331)
|
1.429 (0.479 4.267)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.63
|
0.543
|
0.477
|
0.494
|
0.42
|
0.741
|
0.439
|
NO2
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.661 (0.253 1.478)
|
0.571 (0.233 1.402)
|
0.825 (0.324 2.098)
|
0.340 (0.133 0.871)
|
0.648 (0.270 1.557)
|
1.055 (0.395 2.813)
|
0.884 (0.371 2.107)
|
|
Q3
|
0.380 (0.152 0.950)
|
0.473 (0.187 1.197)
|
0.381 (0.153 0.949)
|
1.003 (0.426 2.363)
|
0.817 (0.350 1.907)
|
0.409 (0.174 0.962)
|
0.725 (0.293 1.793)
|
|
Q4
|
0.507 (0.196 1.307)
|
0.436 (0.171 1.113)
|
0.527 (0.210 1.322)
|
0.428 (0.163 1.122)
|
0.643 (0.240 1.720)
|
0.612 (0.237 1.580)
|
0.758 (0.295 1.947)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.069
|
0.065
|
0.064
|
0.351
|
0.454
|
0.086
|
0.463
|
O3
(μg/m3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
2.230 (0.860 5.782)
|
1.739 (0.693 4.363)
|
1.507 (0.617 3.681)
|
2.422 (0.972 6.034)
|
2.045 (0.769 5.442)
|
1.306 (0.514 3.316)
|
1.657 (0.629 4.368)
|
|
Q3
|
2.899 (1.136 7.396)
|
1.470 (0.579 3.735)
|
1.369 (0.545 3.439)
|
1.565 (0.615 3.983)
|
3.184 (1.175 8.627)
|
1.788 (0.680 4.703)
|
1.616 (0.594 4.395)
|
|
Q4
|
0.828 (0.298 2.298)
|
1.089 (0.430 2.758)
|
0.911 (0.368 2.257)
|
0.857 (0.329 2.232)
|
1.041 (0.365 2.974)
|
0.946 (0.349 2.565)
|
0.863 (0.296 2.520)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.999
|
0.941
|
0.831
|
0.543
|
0.732
|
0.949
|
0.679
|
AQI
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
1.00(reference)
|
|
Q2
|
0.897 (0.363 2.215)
|
0.782 (0.316 1.934)
|
1.057 (0.422 2.645)
|
1.727 (0.669 4.456)
|
0.987 (0.420 2.321)
|
0.937 (0.397 2.213)
|
1.334 (0.558 3.189)
|
|
Q3
|
0.293 (0.112 0.768)
|
0.630 (0.258 1.535)
|
0.708 (0.278 1.800)
|
0.671 (0.258 1.741)
|
0.991 (0.391 2.513)
|
0.680 (0.268 1.721)
|
0.464 (0.181 1.185)
|
|
Q4
|
0.689 (0.275 1.726)
|
0.479 (0.189 1.210)
|
0.576 (0.228 1.456)
|
0.306 (0.115 0.814)
|
0.532 (0.203 1.395)
|
0.471 (0.178 1.250)
|
0.521 (0.200 1.358)
|
|
P for trend
|
0.127
|
0.106
|
0.176
|
0.005
|
0.236
|
0.11
|
0.051
|
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; P1, period 1; P2, period 2; P3, period 3; P4, period 4; P5, period 5; P6, period 6; P7, period 7; PM10, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; SO2, sulfur dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; AQI, air quality index; Q1, the first quartile; Q2, the second quartile; Q3, the third quartile; Q4, the fourth quartile.
Adjusting for age, BMI, duration of infertility, type of infertility, causes of infertility, IVF/ICSI, basal FSH, basal LH, basal E2 and number of oocytes retrieved.