Abdi AI, Nichols PGH, Kaur P, Wintle BJ, Erskine W (2020) Morphological diversity within a core collection of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.): lessons in pasture adaptation from the wild. PloS One 15: e0223699-e0223699
Armstrong W (1980) Aeration in higher plants. In: Woolhouse HW (ed) Advances in botanical research, vol 7. Elsevier Science & Technology, pp 225-332
Armstrong W, Healy MT, Lythe S (1983) Oxygen diffusion in pea. II. Oxygen concentrations in the primary pea root apex as affected by growth, the production of laterals and radial oxygen loss. New Phytol 94:549-559
Ashraf M, Mehmood S (1990) Effects of waterlogging on growth and some physiological parameters of four Brassica species. Plant Soil 121:203-209
Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ (2008) Flooding stress: acclimations and genetic diversity. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:313-339
Bertholdsson N (2013) Screening for barley waterlogging tolerance in nordic barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) using chlorophyll fluorescence on hydroponically-grown plants. Agronomy (Basel) 3:376-390
Black J (1960) The significance of petiole length, leaf area, and light interception in competition between strains of subterrranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) grown in swards. Aust J Agric Res 11:277-291
Black JN (1956) The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Crop Pasture Sci 7:98-109
Black JN (1957) The early vegetative growth of three strains of subterranean clover (Trifiolium subterraneum L.) in relation to size of seed Crop Pasture Sci 8:1-14
Booth TH (2018) Why understanding the pioneering and continuing contributions of BIOCLIM to species distribution modelling is important Austral Ecol 43:852-860
Brougham RW (1958) Leaf development in swards of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). N Z J Agric Res 1:707-718
Cannell RQ, Belford RK (1980) Effects of waterlogging at different stages of development on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) J Sci Food Agric 31:963-965
Chapman SC, Chakraborty SM, Dreccer MF, Howden SM (2012) Plant adaptation to climate change-opportunities and priorities in breeding. Crop Pasture Sci 63:251-268
Cocks P (1994) Colonization of a South Australian grassland by invading Mediterranean annual and perennial pasture species. Aust J Agric Res 45:1063-1076
Colmer TD (2003) Long-distance transport of gases in plants: a perspective on internal aeration and radial oxygen loss from roots. Plant, Cell Environ 26:17-36
Colmer TD, Greenway H (2011) Ion transport in seminal and adventitious roots of cereals during O2 deficiency. J Exp Bot 62:39-57
Colmer TD, Voesenek LACJ (2009) Flooding tolerance: suites of plant traits in variable environments. Funct Plant Biol 36:665-681
Craig A (1992) Pasture production of two cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum at Kybybolite, South Australia. Aust J Exp Agric 32:611-617
Davidson J, Donald C (1958) The growth of swards of subterranean clover with particular reference to leaf area. Aust J Agric Res 9:53-72
Davies CL, Turner DW, Dracup M (2000) Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) tolerates waterlogging better than narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius). I. Shoot and root growth in a controlled environment. Aust J Agric Res 51:701-709
Devitt A, Francis C (1972) The effect of waterlogging on the mineral nutrient content of "Trifolium subterraneum". Aust J Exp Agric 12:614
Donald C (1951) Competition among pasture plants. I. Intraspecific competition among annual pasture plants. Aust J Agric Res 2:355-376
Enkhbat G, Nichols PGH, Foster KJ, Ryan MH, Inukai Y, Erskine W (2021a) Diversity for morphological traits, flowering time and leaf isoflavone content among ecotypes of Trifolium subterraneum L. ssp. yanninicum and their relationships with site of origin Crop Pasture Sci (in press)
Enkhbat G et al. (2021b) Large variation in waterlogging tolerance and recovery among the three subspecies of Trifolium subterranean L. is related to root and shoot responses. Plant Soil 464:467-487
Erskine W, Adham Y, Holly L (1989) Geographic distribution of variation in quantitative traits in a world lentil collection. Euphytica 43:97-103
Erskine W, Tufail M, Russell A, Tyagi MC, Rahman MM, Saxena MC (1994) Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Euphytica 73:127-135
Falconer DS (1989) Introduction to quantitative genetics. 3 edn. Longman, Scintific & Technical Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England
Francis C, Devitt A (1969) The effect of waterlogging on the growth and isoflavone concentration of Trifolium subterraneum L. Aust J Agric Res 20:819-825
Francis CM (1976) Observations on the ecology of subterranean clover in Greece and Crete: a report based on a seed collection tour 1976. Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture, Perth, WA
Francis CM, Devitt AC, Steele P (1974) Influence of Flooding on the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Roots of Trifolium subterraneum L. Funct Plant Biol 1:9-13
Gardner WK, Flood RG (1993) Less waterlogging damage with long season wheats. Cereal Research Communications 21:337-343
Ghamkhar K, Nichols PGH, Erskine W, Snowball R, Murillo M, Appels R, Ryan MH (2015) Hotspots and gaps in the world collection of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). J Agric Sci 153:1069-1083
Ghamkhar K, Snowball R, Bennett SJ (2007) Ecogeographical studies identify diversity and potential gaps in the largest germplasm collection of bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum L.). Aust J Agric Res 58:728-738
Gibberd MR, Cocks PS (1997) Effect of waterlogging and soil pH on the micro-distribution of naturalised annual legumes. Aust J Agric Res 48:223-230
Gibberd MR, Gray JD, Cocks PS, Colmer TD (2001) Waterlogging tolerance among a diverse range of Trifolium accessions is related to root porosity, lateral root formation and 'aerotropic rooting'. Ann Bot 88:579-589
Gladstones J (1967) Naturalized subterranean clover strains in Western Australia: A preliminary agronomic examination. Aust J Agric Res 18:713-731
Hamilton G, Bakker D, Houlebrook D, Spann C (2000) Raised beds prevent waterlogging and increase productivity. Aust J Soil Res 43:575-585
Herzog M, Striker GG, Colmer TD, Pedersen O (2016) Mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in wheat -a review of root and shoot physiology. Plant, Cell Environ 39:1068-1086
Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25:1965-1978
Hill MJ (1996) Defining the white clover zone in eastern mainland Australia using a model and a geographic information system. Ecol Model 86:245-252
Huang Bingru B, Johnson JW, Nesmith S, Bridges DC (1994) Growth, physiological and anatomical responses of two wheat genotypes to waterlogging and nutrient supply. J Exp Bot 45:193-202
Hunt R (1982) Plant growth curves: the functional approach to plant growth analysis. Edward Arnold, London
Jarvis A, Ramirez J, Anderson B, Leibing C, Aggarwal P (2010) Scenarios of climate change within the context of agriculture. In: Reynolds MP (ed) Climate change and crop production. CABI, Wallingford
Justin SHFW, Armstrong W (1987) The anatomical characteristics of roots and plant response to soil flooding. New Phytol 106:465-495
Katznelson J, Morley FHW (1965) A taxonomic revison of sect. Calycomorphum of the genus Trifolium. I. The geocarpic species. Isr J Bot 14:112-134
Khazaei H, Street K, Bari A, Mackay M, Stoddard FL (2013) The FIGS (focused identification of germplasm strategy) approach identifies traits related to drought adaptation in Vicia faba genetic resources. PloS one 8:e63107-e63107
Kidd DR, Di Bella CE, Kotula L, Colmer TD, Ryan MH, Striker GG (2020) Defining the waterlogging tolerance of Ornithopus spp. for the temperate pasture zone of southern Australia. Crop Pasture Sci 71:506-516
Malik AI, Ailewe TI, Erskine W (2015) Tolerance of three grain legume species to transient waterlogging. AoB Plants 7:plv040
Malik AI, Colmer TD, Lambers H, Setter TL, Schortemeyer M (2002) Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the growth and physiology of wheat. New Phytol 153:225-236
Mano Y, Omori F, Takamizo T, Kindiger B, Bird R, Loaisiga C (2006) Variation for root aerenchyma formation in flooded and non-flooded maize and teosinte seedlings. Plant Soil 281:269-279
Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd ed. edn. Academic, London
Marshall T, Millington A (1967) Flooding tolerance of some Western Australian pasture legumes. Aust J Exp Agric 7:367-371
McDonald GK, Gardner WK (1987) Effect of waterlogging on the grain yield response of wheat to sowing date in south-western Victoria [cultivars]. Aust J Exp Agric 27:661-670
Nakai A, Yurugi Y, Kisanuki H (2009) Growth responses of Salix gracilistyla cuttings to a range of substrate moisture and oxygen availability. Ecol Res 24
Nichols PGH, Collins WJ, Barbetti MJ (1996) Registered cultivars of subterranean clover -their characteristics, origin and identification. Chief executive officer, Western Australia
Nichols PGH, Foster KJ, Piano E, Pecetti L, Kaur P, Ghamkhar K, Collins WJ (2013) Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 1. Germplasm, traits and future prospects. Crop Pasture Sci 64:312-346
Nichols PGH et al. (2007) New annual and short-lived perennial pasture legumes for Australian agriculture - 15 years of revolution. Field Crops Res 104:10-23
Oram RN (1989) Register of Australian herbage plant cultivars. 3rd ed. / compiled by R.N. Oram. edn. Australian Herbage Plant Registration Authority, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Melbourne
Palta JA, Ganjeali A, Turner NC, Siddique KHM (2010) Effects of transient subsurface waterlogging on root growth, plant biomass and yield of chickpea Agric Water Manage 97:1469-1476
Pang J, Zhou M, Mendham N, Shaballa S (2004) Growth and physiological responses of six barley genotypes to waterlogging and subsequent recovery. Aust J Agric Res 55:895-895
PBR (2021) Plant Breeders Rights database. Commonwealth Government of Australia. https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/plant-breeders-rights.
Peak JW, Morley FHW (1973) Comparison of introduced lines of Trifolium subterraneum subsp. yanninicum with cultivars of T. subterraneum. 3 Irrigated and dryland sward trials at Canberra, Australian Capital Territory vol Field station record 12. Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO (Australia)
Pecetti L, Piano E (2002) Variation of morphological and adaptive traits in subterranean clover populations from Sardinia (Italy). Genet Resour Crop Evol 49:189-197
Piano E (1984) Preliminary observations on the structure and variability of Sardinian populations of subterranean clover. Genet Agr 38:75-90
Piano E, Pecetti L, Carroni AM (1996) Climatic adaptation in subterranean clover populations. Euphytica 92:39-44
Ponnamperuma FN (1984) Effects of flooding on soils. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Flooding and plant growth. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 9-45
Real D, Warden J, Sandral GA, Colmer TD (2008) Waterlogging tolerance and recovery of 10 Lotus species. Aust J Exp Agric 48:480-487
Reed K, Schroder P, Eales J, McDonald R, Chin J (1985) Comparative productivity of Trifolium subterraneum and T. yanninicum in south-western Victoria. Aust J Exp Agric 25:351-361
Rogers ME et al. (2009) The influence of NaCl salinity and hypoxia on aspects of growth in Trifolium species. Crop Pasture Sci 60:71-82
Rogers ME et al. (2011) Salinity and waterlogging tolerance amongst accessions of messina (Melilotus siculus). Crop Pasture Sci 62:225-235
Rogers ME, West DW (1993) The effects of rootzone salinity and hypoxia on shoot and root growth in Trifolium species. Ann Bot 72:503-509
Sandral GA, Peoples MB, Wilson BCD, Taylor JN, Rodham CA (2003) Growth, seed set and nitrogen fixation of 28 annual legume species on 3 Vertosol soils in southern New South Wales. Anim Prod Sci 43:1101-1115
Setter TL, Burgess P, Kuo J (1999) Genetic diversity of barley and wheat for waterlogging tolerance in Western Australia. In: Proceedings of the 9th Australian Barley Technical Symposium, Melbourne, Australia
Setter TL, Waters I (2003) Review of prospects for germplasm improvement for waterlogging tolerance in wheat, barley and oats. Plant Soil 253:1-34
Siddique KHM, Brinsmead RB, Knight R, Knights EJ, Paull JG, Rose IA (2000) Adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Australia. In: Knight R (ed) Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Third International Food Legumes Research Conference. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 289-303
Smethurst CF, Shabala S (2003) Screening methods for waterlogging tolerance in lucerne: comparative analysis of waterlogging effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, biomass and chlorophyll content. Funct Plant Biol 30:335-343
Solaiman Z, Colmer TD, Loss SP, Thomson BD, Siddique KHM (2007) Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging. Aust J Agric Res 58:406-412
Stoddard FL, Balko C, Erskine W, Khan HR, Link W, Sarker A (2006) Screening techniques and sources of resistance to abiotic stresses in cool-season food legumes. Euphytica 147:167-186
Striker G (2012a) Flooding stress on plants: anatomical, morphological and physiological responses. In: Mworia JK (ed) Botany. IntechOpen
Striker G, Insausti P, Grimoldi A, Ploschuk E, Vasellati V (2005) Physiological and anatomical basis of differential tolerance to soil flooding of Lotus corniculatus L. and Lotus glaber Mill. Plant Soil 276:301-311
Striker GG (2012b) Time is on our side: the importance of considering a recovery period when assessing flooding tolerance in plants. Ecol Res 27:983-987
Striker GG, Colmer TD (2016) Flooding tolerance of forage legumes Journal of Experimental Botany 68:1851-1872
Striker GG, Colmer TD (2017) Flooding tolerance of forage legumes. J Exp Bot 68:1851-1872
Striker GG, Teakle NL, Colmer TD, Barrett-Lennard EG (2015) Growth responses of Melilotus siculus accessions to combined salinity and root-zone hypoxia are correlated with differences in tissue ion concentrations and not differences in root aeration. Environ Exp Bot 109:89
Sultana R et al. (2013) Waterlogging tolerance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.): genotypic variability and identification of tolerant genotypes. J Agri Sci 151:659-671
Talbot RJ, Etherington JR, Bryant JA (1987) Comparative studies of plant growth and distribution in relation to waterlogging. XII. Growth, photosynthetic capacity and metal ion uptake in Salix caprea and S. cinerea ssp. Oleifolia. New Phytol 105:563-574
Teakle NL, Bowman S, Barrett-Lennard EG, Real D, Colmer TD (2012) Comparisons of annual pasture legumes in growth, ion regulation and root porosity demonstrate that Melilotus siculus has exceptional tolerance to combinations of salinity and waterlogging. Environ Exp Bot 77:175-184
Tennant D, Scholz G, Dixon J, Purdie B (1992) Physical and chemical characteristics of duplex soils and their distribution in the south-west of Western Australia. Aust J Exp Agric 32:827-843
Trevor HB, Henry AN, John RB, Michael FH (2014) Bioclim: the first species distribution modelling package, its early applications and relevance to most current MaxEnt studies Diversity & Distributions 20:1-9
Villemereuil PD, Gaggiotti OE, Mouterde M, Till-Bottraud I (2015) Common garden experiments in the genomic era: new perspectives and opportunities. Heredity 116:249
Voesenek LACJ, Armstrong W, BÖGemann GM, McDonald MP, Colmer TD (1999) A lack of aerenchyma and high rates of radial oxygen loss from the root base contribute to the waterlogging intolerance of Brassica napus Aust J Plant Physiol 26:87-93
Voesenek LACJ, Sasidharan R (2013) Ethylene- and oxygen signalling-drive plant survival during flooding. Plant Biol 15:426-435
Williams R, Evans L, Ludwig L (1964) Estimation of leaf area for clover and lucerne. Aust J Agric Res 15:231-233 doi:
Yamauchi T, Colmer TD, Pedersen O, Nakazono M (2018) Regulation of root traits for internal aeration and tolerance to soil waterlogging-flooding stress. Plant Physiol 176:1118-1130