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Energy Cost of Walking and Functional Aerobic Capacity During Moderate Intensity Exercise in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jeffrey E. Herrick
University of Lynchburg
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-0679
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Background: Autonomic dysregulation associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may limit cardiopulmonary responses to exercise which, in turn, may impair functional aerobic capacity (FAC) and walking economy. We aimed to characterize walking economy and FAC in OSA patients compared with healthy adults (non-OSA) and examine their relationship with OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]).
Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 26 adults (OSA: n=13; non-OSA: n=13) participated in the study. In this study, the participants with OSA were adults between the ages of 25 and 60 with a body mass index between 25 kg/m2 and 39 kg/m2 who had undergone a recent third-party sleep study with an AHI of 5 or greater.
Methods: Participant completed a maximal integrated cardiopulmonary exercise test, three separate exercise bouts of a constant work rate (CWR) treadmill test at 85% of anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 10-minute walk test (10MWT). Multiple linear regression corrected for weight, age, and BMI was conducted to examine the associations.
Results: There were significant differences between OSA and Non-OSA participants in VO2peak (29.7±5.6mL/kg/min vs. 37.5±6.5mL/kg/min, p=0.03) and in Net VO2 during CWR (12.7±5 vs.19±6mL/kg/min, p=0.02). The 10MWT speed, distance, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OSA group (all p<0.001). The AHI scores associated with 10MWT distance (R2=0.85, p<0.001), energy cost of walking (R2=87, p<0.001), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (R2=0.92, p<0.001).
Conclusions: The findings of this study show that patients with OSA have reduced FAC and have a higher energy cost of walking. AHI explained 87% of the variance in the energy cost of walking during the 10MWT. The results suggest that individuals with more severe obstructive sleep apnea experience greater impairment in functional performance.
Keywords
Oxygen consumption, Walking economy, Exercise, Energy expenditure, Apnea severity
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On 20 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
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On 18 Nov, 2020
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Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Oct, 2020
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On 11 Oct, 2020
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Subject Areas
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This preprint is under consideration at Sleep Science and Practice. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Energy Cost of Walking and Functional Aerobic Capacity During Moderate Intensity Exercise in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jeffrey E. Herrick
University of Lynchburg
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-0679
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 19 Oct, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #3 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 22 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 20 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Oct, 2020
First submitted
On 10 Oct, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Neurology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Autonomic dysregulation associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may limit cardiopulmonary responses to exercise which, in turn, may impair functional aerobic capacity (FAC) and walking economy. We aimed to characterize walking economy and FAC in OSA patients compared with healthy adults (non-OSA) and examine their relationship with OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]).
Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 26 adults (OSA: n=13; non-OSA: n=13) participated in the study. In this study, the participants with OSA were adults between the ages of 25 and 60 with a body mass index between 25 kg/m2 and 39 kg/m2 who had undergone a recent third-party sleep study with an AHI of 5 or greater.
Methods: Participant completed a maximal integrated cardiopulmonary exercise test, three separate exercise bouts of a constant work rate (CWR) treadmill test at 85% of anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 10-minute walk test (10MWT). Multiple linear regression corrected for weight, age, and BMI was conducted to examine the associations.
Results: There were significant differences between OSA and Non-OSA participants in VO2peak (29.7±5.6mL/kg/min vs. 37.5±6.5mL/kg/min, p=0.03) and in Net VO2 during CWR (12.7±5 vs.19±6mL/kg/min, p=0.02). The 10MWT speed, distance, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OSA group (all p<0.001). The AHI scores associated with 10MWT distance (R2=0.85, p<0.001), energy cost of walking (R2=87, p<0.001), VO2 at anaerobic threshold (R2=0.92, p<0.001).
Conclusions: The findings of this study show that patients with OSA have reduced FAC and have a higher energy cost of walking. AHI explained 87% of the variance in the energy cost of walking during the 10MWT. The results suggest that individuals with more severe obstructive sleep apnea experience greater impairment in functional performance.
Figure 1
Figure 2