Descriptive phenotypic analysis. High levels of phenotypic variation were observed among the studied table grape cultivars for studied pomological traits. The highest mean value based on three years’ data was observed in cluster weight (544.95). The highest broad sense heritability (98.46%) was observed in pollen germination rate (Table 1). A negative correlation was observed between fruit pH and TA. A positive correlation was observed between berry weight and flesh weight, as well as between fruit set under controlled pollination and pollen germination (Table 2). In cluster analysis based on agro-morphological characters, the studied genotypes were sub-divided into four main groups (Fig. 1).
Table 1
Descriptive statistics for agronomic traits of grape cultivars during three successive years
Trait
|
Year 1
|
|
Year 2
|
|
Year 3
|
Range
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
|
Range
|
Mean
|
Deviation
|
|
Range
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
TSS
|
14.8-24.6
|
18.95
|
2.64
|
|
14.5-26
|
19.86
|
3.06
|
|
15-26.5
|
18.86
|
2.49
|
Ph
|
2.22-5.4
|
3.04
|
0.68
|
|
3.1-5.4
|
3.56
|
0.34
|
|
2.56-4.76
|
3.38
|
0.34
|
TA
|
0.09-2.6
|
0.8
|
0.51
|
|
0.09-1.51
|
0.59
|
0.23
|
|
0.09-1.12
|
0.65
|
0.22
|
BW
|
1.31-5.15
|
3.02
|
1.08
|
|
1.36-5.15
|
3.01
|
1.05
|
|
1.44-6.5
|
3.44
|
1.28
|
FW
|
1.23-4.93
|
2.88
|
1.05
|
|
1.36-5.05
|
2.91
|
1.02
|
|
1.43-6.4
|
3.36
|
1.26
|
SSW
|
0-0.15
|
0.06
|
0.03
|
|
0-0.15
|
0.05
|
0.03
|
|
0-0.15
|
0.03
|
0.02
|
SN
|
0.95-3.5
|
2.13
|
0.64
|
|
1.1-3.4
|
2.09
|
0.62
|
|
1-3.5
|
2.2
|
0.61
|
JV
|
31-49
|
41.32
|
3.63
|
|
30-50
|
42.13
|
4.22
|
|
32-51.8
|
43.77
|
4.73
|
FSOP
|
10.6-63.3
|
32.6
|
11.57
|
|
10-76
|
31.07
|
13.42
|
|
5.6-64
|
32.42
|
11.46
|
PG
|
0.5-65.5
|
28.3
|
17.03
|
|
1.2-65
|
28.95
|
17.15
|
|
0.4-62.3
|
26.07
|
16.16
|
CL
|
9-26
|
18.83
|
4.48
|
|
9-32.7
|
19.68
|
4.65
|
|
13-26
|
19.91
|
3.27
|
CWid
|
5-17.5
|
10.1
|
2.82
|
|
4-20
|
10.01
|
3.18
|
|
5.5-15.5
|
10.13
|
2.25
|
CW
|
67.1-874.9
|
402.37
|
185.5
|
|
300-950
|
636
|
132.21
|
|
223.3-1387
|
597.61
|
268.52
|
FSCP
|
0-58.5
|
24.65
|
13.14
|
|
0-70.9
|
27.32
|
16.18
|
|
1.8-51
|
24.34
|
11.99
|
Trait
|
Three years data
|
PCV
|
GCV
|
h2bs
|
GA5%
|
GA5% mean
|
Range
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
TSS
|
15.33-23.56
|
19.22
|
2.17
|
11.35
|
9.58
|
71.23
|
3.20
|
16.66
|
Ph
|
2.84-5.03
|
3.32
|
0.38
|
11.41
|
9.47
|
68.83
|
0.54
|
16.18
|
TA
|
0.09-1.38
|
0.68
|
0.24
|
35.46
|
24.22
|
46.65
|
0.23
|
34.08
|
BW
|
1.4-5.06
|
3.14
|
1.05
|
33.31
|
31.82
|
91.25
|
1.98
|
62.62
|
FW
|
1.39-4.92
|
3.04
|
1.03
|
33.65
|
32.05
|
90.75
|
1.92
|
62.90
|
SSW
|
0-0.15
|
0.05
|
0.02
|
50.14
|
44.12
|
77.43
|
0.04
|
79.98
|
SN
|
1.03-3.2
|
2.13
|
0.55
|
25.70
|
23.87
|
86.25
|
0.98
|
45.67
|
JV
|
20.7-50.26
|
41.96
|
5.19
|
9.60
|
9.41
|
96.25
|
8.07
|
19.03
|
FSOP
|
8.7-67.7
|
31.98
|
11.02
|
34.43
|
32.48
|
88.95
|
20.21
|
63.09
|
PG
|
1-64.2
|
27.27
|
16.97
|
59.53
|
59.07
|
98.46
|
33.53
|
120.74
|
CL
|
12.2-24.7
|
19.44
|
3.24
|
16.59
|
13.51
|
66.32
|
4.41
|
22.66
|
CWid
|
5-15.5
|
10.24
|
2.38
|
22.01
|
18.65
|
71.77
|
3.28
|
32.55
|
CW
|
326-905
|
544.95
|
145.92
|
26.75
|
19.46
|
52.90
|
158.96
|
29.15
|
FSCP
|
3.8-52
|
25.4
|
10.79
|
42.54
|
35.00
|
67.69
|
15.09
|
59.32
|
PCV: Phenotypic coefficient of variation, GCV: Genotypic coefficient of variation, h2bs: Narrow sense heritability, GA 5%: Genetic advance in 5 percent probability level. TSS: Total soluble solids, TA: Titratable acidity, BW: Berry weight, FW: Flesh weight, SSW: Single seed weight, SN: Seed number, JV: Juice volume, FSOP: Fruit set in open pollination, PG: Pollen germination, CL: Cluster length, Cwi: Cluster width, CW: Cluster weight, FSCP: Fruit set under controlled pollination.
Table 2
Correlation coefficients among agronomic traits of grape cultivars in the first (upper diagonal) and second (low diagonal) cropping season
|
TSS
|
Ph
|
TA
|
BW
|
FW
|
SSW
|
SN
|
JV
|
FSOP
|
PG
|
CL
|
CWid
|
CW
|
FSCP
|
TSS
|
1
|
0.196ns
|
-0.105ns
|
-0.296*
|
-0.293ns
|
-0.210 ns
|
-0.011ns
|
-0.051ns
|
0.188 ns
|
0.328*
|
0.069 ns
|
0.110 ns
|
0.192ns
|
0.03 ns
|
Ph
|
0.209ns
|
1
|
-0.494**
|
0.194 ns
|
0.206 ns
|
-0.049 ns
|
0.10493ns
|
-0.252ns
|
0.003 ns
|
0.112 ns
|
-0.105 ns
|
-0.258ns
|
0.166ns
|
0.08 ns
|
TA
|
-0.175ns
|
-0.621**
|
1
|
-0.271ns
|
-0.275ns
|
-0.012 ns
|
-0.096 ns
|
0.123 ns
|
0.264 ns
|
-0.000 ns
|
0.201 ns
|
0.205 ns
|
-0.015 ns
|
-0.023 ns
|
BW
|
-0.242 ns
|
0.105 ns
|
-0.170ns
|
1
|
0.997**
|
0.388**
|
0.315*
|
0.119 ns
|
-0.071ns
|
-0.274 ns
|
-0.047 ns
|
0.193 ns
|
0.330*
|
0.069 ns
|
FW
|
-0.248ns
|
0.111 ns
|
-0.164ns
|
0.998**
|
1
|
0.327*
|
0.283 ns
|
0.108 ns
|
-0.077ns
|
-0.264 ns
|
-0.061 ns
|
0.175 ns
|
0.324*
|
0.052 ns
|
SSW
|
-0.181 ns
|
-0.128ns
|
0.001 ns
|
0.375*
|
0.332*
|
1
|
0.063 ns
|
0.133 ns
|
-0.141ns
|
-0.296*
|
0.074 ns
|
0.091 ns
|
0.075 ns
|
0.010 ns
|
SN
|
0.227 ns
|
0.038 ns
|
-0.177ns
|
0.185 ns
|
0.171 ns
|
-0.235ns
|
1
|
0.241 ns
|
0.307*
|
0.112 ns
|
0.056 ns
|
0.369*
|
0.308*
|
0.442**
|
JV
|
-0.144 ns
|
-0.092ns
|
-0.073ns
|
0.185 ns
|
0.185 ns
|
-0.035ns
|
0.228ns
|
1
|
0.136 ns
|
0.048 ns
|
0.203 ns
|
0.313*
|
0.440**
|
0.072 ns
|
FSOP
|
0.294*
|
0.325*
|
-0.296ns
|
-0.072ns
|
-0.072ns
|
-0.175ns
|
0.216ns
|
0.012 ns
|
1
|
0.2917ns
|
-0.129 ns
|
0.259 ns
|
0.142 ns
|
0.547**
|
PG
|
0.129 ns
|
0.102 ns
|
-0.148ns
|
-0.338*
|
-0.323*
|
-0.503**
|
0.274ns
|
0.008 ns
|
0.148 ns
|
1
|
-0.235 ns
|
0.255 ns
|
0.076 ns
|
0.347*
|
CL
|
0.045 ns
|
0.244 ns
|
-0.066ns
|
0.157 ns
|
0.164 ns
|
-0.141 ns
|
0.106ns
|
0.176 ns
|
0.053 ns
|
-0.090ns
|
1
|
0.206 ns
|
0.177 ns
|
-0.202 ns
|
CWid
|
0.018 ns
|
0.115 ns
|
-0.235ns
|
0.157 ns
|
0.164 ns
|
-0.234 ns
|
0.292ns
|
0.447**
|
0.390**
|
0.030 ns
|
0.372*
|
1
|
0.563**
|
0.192 ns
|
CW
|
-0.207 ns
|
-0.198ns
|
0.002 ns
|
0.499**
|
0.497**
|
0.172 ns
|
0.203ns
|
0.417**
|
0.139 ns
|
-0.173ns
|
0.141 ns
|
0.364*
|
1
|
0.046 ns
|
FSCP
|
0.071 ns
|
0.225 ns
|
-0.276ns
|
0.073 ns
|
0.077 ns
|
-0.190 ns
|
0.290ns
|
-0.182ns
|
0.473**
|
0.168 ns
|
-0.034ns
|
0.193 ns
|
0.061 ns
|
1
|
Table 2
(Continuation). Correlation coefficients among agronomic traits of grape cultivars in the third (upper diagonal) and mean of three (low diagonal) cropping seasons
|
TSS
|
Ph
|
TA
|
BW
|
FW
|
SSW
|
SN
|
JV
|
FSOP
|
PG
|
CL
|
CWid
|
CW
|
FSCP
|
TSS
|
1
|
0.041ns
|
0.157ns
|
-0.176 ns
|
-0.165 ns
|
-0.275 ns
|
0.026 ns
|
0.077 ns
|
0.138 ns
|
0.350*
|
0.003 ns
|
-0.011 ns
|
0.014 ns
|
0.253 ns
|
Ph
|
0.149 ns
|
1
|
-0.519**
|
-0.205 ns
|
-0.210 ns
|
0.159 ns
|
-0.146 ns
|
-0.176 ns
|
0.014 ns
|
0.210 ns
|
-0.082 ns
|
0.056 ns
|
0.013 ns
|
0.055 ns
|
TA
|
0.085 ns
|
-0.664**
|
1
|
-0.047 ns
|
-0.047 ns
|
-0.062 ns
|
-0.152 ns
|
-0.014 ns
|
-0.068 ns
|
-0.235 ns
|
-0.016 ns
|
-0.242 ns
|
-0.039 ns
|
-0.137 ns
|
BW
|
-0.339*
|
-0.004 ns
|
-0.259 ns
|
1
|
0.999**
|
0.147 ns
|
0.239 ns
|
0.083 ns
|
-0.095 ns
|
-0.453**
|
0.085 ns
|
-0.156 ns
|
0.071 ns
|
-0.023 ns
|
FW
|
-0.336*
|
-0.006 ns
|
-0.258 ns
|
0.999**
|
1
|
0.109 ns
|
0.224 ns
|
0.081 ns
|
-0.107 ns
|
-0.454**
|
0.095 ns
|
-0.169 ns
|
0.071 ns
|
-0.029 ns
|
SSW
|
-0.300*
|
0.006 ns
|
-0.046 ns
|
0.420**
|
0.383**
|
1
|
-0.047 ns
|
0.052 ns
|
0.165 ns
|
-0.001 ns
|
-0.209 ns
|
0.143 ns
|
-0.090 ns
|
0.099 ns
|
SN
|
0.115 ns
|
0.033 ns
|
-0.238 ns
|
0.234 ns
|
0.218 ns
|
-0.113 ns
|
1
|
0.149 ns
|
0.455 ns
|
0.071 ns
|
-0.073 ns
|
0.255 ns
|
0.187 ns
|
0.250 ns
|
JV
|
-0.148 ns
|
-0.589**
|
0.269 ns
|
0.144 ns
|
0.143 ns
|
0.139 ns
|
0.100 ns
|
1
|
0.229 ns
|
-0.036 ns
|
0.148 ns
|
0.073 ns
|
0.232 ns
|
0.125 ns
|
FSOP
|
0.287 ns
|
0.099 ns
|
0.060 ns
|
-0.116 ns
|
-0.123 ns
|
-0.096 ns
|
0.385**
|
-0.002 ns
|
1
|
0.186 ns
|
-0.172 ns
|
0.242 ns
|
0.284 ns
|
0.332*
|
PG
|
0.366*
|
0.176 ns
|
-0.121 ns
|
-0.369*
|
-0.365*
|
-0.299*
|
0.176 ns
|
-0.095 ns
|
0.212 ns
|
1
|
-0.206 ns
|
0.304*
|
-0.130 ns
|
0.378**
|
CL
|
0.072 ns
|
0.007 ns
|
0.137 ns
|
0.089 ns
|
0.091 ns
|
-0.146 ns
|
0.030 ns
|
0.084 ns
|
-0.088 ns
|
-0.217 ns
|
1
|
-0.015 ns
|
0.428**
|
-0.192 ns
|
CWid
|
-0.069 ns
|
-0.007 ns
|
0.01 ns
|
0.076 ns
|
0.074 ns
|
-0.136 ns
|
0.318*
|
0.218 ns
|
0.452**
|
0.097 ns
|
0.321*
|
1
|
-0.112 ns
|
0.053 ns
|
CW
|
-0.036 ns
|
0.094 ns
|
-0.175 ns
|
0.339*
|
0.342*
|
-0.053 ns
|
0.303*
|
0.279 ns
|
0.249 ns
|
-0.179 ns
|
0.454**
|
0.585**
|
1
|
-0.016 ns
|
FSCP
|
0.242 ns
|
0.137 ns
|
-0.141 ns
|
0.011 ns
|
0.008 ns
|
-0.106 ns
|
0.489**
|
-0.083 ns
|
0.582**
|
0.380**
|
-0.202 ns
|
0.221 ns
|
0.166 ns
|
1
|
TSS: Total soluble solids, TA: Titratable acidity, BW: Berry weight, FW: Flesh weight, SSW: Single seed weight, SN: Seed number, JV: Juice volume, FSOP: Fruit set in open pollination, PG: Pollen germination, CL: Cluster length, Cwi: Cluster width, CW: Cluster weight, FSCP: Fruit set under controlled pollination.
Marker-trait analyses. A total of 199 alleles were amplified with 39 SSR primer pairs with an average of 5.10 alleles/locus. To identify the level of polymorphism, amount of PIC was calculated for each of the 39 SSR loci which ranged from 0.08 for locus Vmc7c3 to 0.89 for locus VVMD8 with an average value of 0.51. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.083 for locus Vmc7c3 to 0.98 for locus ZAG64 with an average of 0.56 across the SSR markers (Table 3). The studied genotypes were grouped in four main groups based on SSR data (Fig. 1). Hierarchical groupings of cultivars by phenotypic and genotypic data were compared and it was found that 67% of the cultivars were grouped into similar position across the two hierarchical clusters (Fig. 1). The genetic structure of studied grape population were also analyzed with Bayesian clustering method. Results revealed two possible subpopulations (K=2) in the studied germplasm (Fig. 2). Based on the Barplot (Fig. 2), from 45 studied cultivars, 34 cultivars (75.56%) were belonged to sub-population 1 and 8 cultivars (17.78%) to sub-population 2. Three cultivars (6.67%) with Q < 0.70 were assigned admixed (Fig. 2).
Table 3
Genetic parameters of SSR loci assayed in the characterization of table grape cultivars
Markers
|
Primer sequence (5ʹ→3ʹ)
|
Annealing temperature (Cº)
|
Genotype No
|
Allele No
|
Gene Diversity
|
Heterozygosity
|
PIC
|
ZAG 62
|
ggtgaaatgggcaccgaacacacgc
ccatgtctctcctcagcttctcagc
|
53
|
14
|
8
|
0.71
|
0.73
|
0.68
|
VVS2
|
cagcccgtaaatgtatccatc
aaattcaaaattctaattcaactgg
|
53
|
22
|
10
|
0.86
|
0.95
|
0.85
|
VVMD5
|
ctagagctacgccaatccaa
tataccaaaaatcatattcctaaa
|
56
|
21
|
10
|
0.83
|
0.78
|
0.81
|
VVMD7
|
agagttgcggagaacaggat
cgaaccttcacacgcttgat
|
54
|
15
|
6
|
0.80
|
0.78
|
0.77
|
G7
|
caacagaattcaaatgaaatgga
caaacagcataaatacacaagca
|
50
|
26
|
14
|
0.90
|
0.93
|
0.89
|
G10
|
catcattcatccaaattatgtag
tttagtaggttagggataccagt
|
51
|
7
|
5
|
0.58
|
0.40
|
0.50
|
D12
|
ctctcttttccgaaattggggt
attttccctggaaacaaagtgg
|
54
|
18
|
10
|
0.75
|
0.91
|
0.71
|
UCH29
|
aaacatgatctgatgcaggtga
caacctgttgatgaaagggaaa
|
62.5
|
16
|
9
|
0.74
|
0.71
|
0.71
|
ISV2
|
cactggcctgttgggagataat
ccttcaactggaaaagcctgtc
|
58
|
17
|
10
|
0.77
|
0.69
|
0.75
|
ISV3
|
aaggaggagttgagatgtagta
gagtaagagagaagcaagaaaa
|
58
|
8
|
4
|
0.64
|
0.82
|
0.57
|
ISV4
|
tgcatagtgctgtaggccattg
tctgtcattgctgtccctttca
|
59
|
12
|
6
|
0.73
|
0.62
|
0.69
|
VVS3
|
tgccctatcaattagttcaccta
tcgactttgatatattgatgatt
|
52
|
3
|
2
|
0.48
|
0.69
|
0.37
|
VVS4
|
ccatcagtgataaaacctaatgcc
cccaccttgcccttagatgtta
|
58
|
6
|
4
|
0.46
|
0.44
|
0.42
|
ZAG 47
|
ggtctcaatacatccgtaagtatat
acggtgtgctctcattgtcattgac
|
54
|
11
|
6
|
0.75
|
0.84
|
0.72
|
ZAG64
|
tatgaaagaaacccaacgcggcacg
tgcaatgtggtcagcctttgatggg
|
58
|
17
|
10
|
0.83
|
0.98
|
0.81
|
ZAG83
|
ggcggaggcggtagatgagagggcg
acgcaacggctagtaaatacaacgg
|
52
|
3
|
2
|
0.41
|
0.22
|
0.33
|
VVMD8
|
taacaaacaagaagaggaat
agcacatccacaacataatg
|
56
|
20
|
12
|
0.84
|
0.89
|
0.82
|
VVMD17
|
tgactcgccaaaatctgacg
cacacatatcatcaccacacgg
|
56
|
6
|
4
|
0.51
|
0.51
|
0.44
|
VVMD21
|
ggttgtctatggagttgatgttgc
gcttcagtaaaaagggattgcg
|
56
|
7
|
5
|
0.66
|
0.82
|
0.59
|
VVMD25
|
ttccgttaaagcaaaagaaaaagg
ttggatttgaaatttattgagggg
|
56
|
14
|
7
|
0.78
|
0.76
|
0.75
|
VVMD26
|
gagacgactggtgacattgagc
ccatcaccaccatttctactgc
|
56
|
5
|
4
|
0.52
|
0.60
|
0.41
|
VVMD27
|
gtaccagatctgaatacatccgtaagt
acgggtatagagcaaacggtgt
|
56
|
10
|
5
|
0.72
|
0.78
|
0.67
|
VVMD32
|
tatgattttttaggggggtgagg
ggaaagatgggatgactcgc
|
59
|
14
|
8
|
0.71
|
0.71
|
0.67
|
Scu8vv
|
cgagacccagcatcgtttcaag
gcaaaatcctccccgtacaagtc
|
56
|
2
|
2
|
0.12
|
0.13
|
0.12
|
Scu10vv
|
tacccccacaaccctttt
ttctccgccacctccttttcac
|
56
|
2
|
2
|
0.37
|
0.49
|
0.30
|
UDV047
|
tgtatgataatccataatgtgc
taggcatgcttgacttattc
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
0.50
|
0.33
|
0.38
|
VMC6E10
|
ctaggtgtgccaagagatcaga
catttgtgggtagttgtgagga
|
53
|
5
|
3
|
0.61
|
0.38
|
0.53
|
VMC7a4
|
taaggtggattagttttgggtc
aaactccaaacgatctgattct
|
51
|
6
|
4
|
0.73
|
0.13
|
0.68
|
Vmc7b1
|
cacgcaatctctcatttcacaaa
tggtttaggtgacccaaccttta
|
55
|
3
|
2
|
0.50
|
0.33
|
0.37
|
Vmc7c3
|
ctttggagagtttccagaggta
actgctctaacagtcctttgct
|
51
|
2
|
2
|
0.08
|
0.08
|
0.08
|
Vmc7f2
|
aagaaagtttgcagtttatggtg
aagatgacaatagcgagagagaa
|
51
|
2
|
2
|
0.29
|
0.36
|
0.25
|
Vmc7f6
|
attgcttccaaaaagaga
acccaaacccaaatagat
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
0.19
|
0.17
|
0.17
|
Vmcng2b7.2
|
ttttggagtgaatagagacccct
cagaatttggctccatatttgaa
|
54
|
4
|
3
|
0.40
|
0.38
|
0.33
|
Vmcng2h7
|
acgttaaatagaacatggtccc
caacctctttttttgaggtagc
|
51
|
6
|
3
|
0.63
|
0.68
|
0.56
|
VVIV67
|
aacttgattgaacaaaggccta
tattatgcctatccagtttcga
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
0.37
|
0.39
|
0.30
|
VVIV67.2
|
attctcatttgggttctcac
ttcagtagtcactctcaac
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
0.45
|
0.60
|
0.35
|
VVs16
|
tcaaactattattcaaaccaaagtac
tcgatttcaacaaatttagaaata
|
51
|
3
|
3
|
0.11
|
0.12
|
0.11
|
VVs29
|
ccccaaggctctgaaaacaat
tgcaaagcaaataaagcttcca
|
56
|
2
|
2
|
0.45
|
0.68
|
0.35
|
UDV015
|
tgcacatttccctccttag
cgggttactgggaagggtat
|
53
|
3
|
2
|
0.27
|
0.15
|
0.23
|
Mean
|
|
|
8.82
|
5.10
|
0.57
|
0.56
|
0.51
|
The r2 values among SSR markers showed an average value of 20.37 (r2≥0.1, P-value ≤0.01) (Fig. 2). Using mixed linear model, seven loci found to be significantly associated with the studied traits at 5% probability level (Table 4). One locus (Scu8vv) was identified to be associated with total soluble solids, one locus (Vmc7f2) with pollen germination, one locus (VVMD17) with seed weight, one locus (Vmc7f2) with cluster weight, one locus (Scu8vv) with fruit set in open pollination, one locus (ISV3) with seed number and one locus (Udv015) with titratable acidity. Results showed that Scu8vv was common for total soluble solids and fruit set in open pollination and also Vmc7f2 was common for pollen germination and cluster weight (Table 4).
Table 4
SSR loci linked to the studied morphological traits in the analyzed grapevine germplasm using mixed linear model (MLM) procedure
Trait
|
SSR locus
|
F-marker
|
P-marker
|
Trait
|
SSR locus
|
F-marker
|
P-marker
|
Total Soluble Solids
|
Scu8vv
|
5.69
|
0.022
|
Cluster weight (g)
|
Vmc7f2
|
4.86
|
0.033
|
Pollen germination (%)
|
Vmc7f2
|
5.08
|
0.029
|
Fruit set in open pollination (%)
|
Scu8vv
|
4.66
|
0.037
|
Seed weight (g)
|
VVMD17
|
2.76
|
0.032
|
Seed number
|
ISV3
|
2.44
|
0.038
|
|
|
|
|
Titratable acidity
|
Udv015
|
3.47
|
0.044
|
Predicting breeding values. The highest (2.4342) and the lowest (-2.976) breeding value for total soluble solids (TSS) was observed in “Klkarevi” and “At Ouzum” cultivars, respectively. The highest (0.2052) and lowest (-0.0773) breeding value for pH was observed in “Tabarze Qermez” and “Garmian”, respectively. The highest (0.0942) and lowest (-0.0645) breeding value for TA character was seen in “Klkarevi” and “Shirazi” cultivars, respectively. For berry weight, the highest breeding value (1.4583) was observed in “Qzl Ouzum” and the lowest one (-2.9236) was observed in “Rejin”. The highest breeding value (1.4914) for flesh weight was observed in “Qzl Ouzum” and the lowest one (-2.4007) was seen in “Rejin”. About single seed weight, the highest breeding value (0.0521) was seen in “Shirazi” and the lowest one (-0.309) was observed in “Askari”. The highest (0.6241) and lowest (-0.5183) breeding value for seed number was observed in “Chava Ga” and “Mam Braima” cultivars. For juice volume, the highest breeding value (4.6295) was seen in “Sahebi Qermez” and the lowest one (-4.5384) was observed in “Agh Shani” cultivar. The highest (17.8417) and lowest (-19.7354) breeding value for fruit set in open pollination was observed in “Qara Shani” and “Mam Braima” cultivars. Concerning to pollen germination, the highest (24.9031) and lowest (-20.3949) breeding value were observed in “Fakhri” and “Mam Braima” cultivars, respectively. The highest breeding value (2.8615) for cluster length was observed in “Qzl Ouzum” and the lowest one (-3.3038) was seen in “Lal Sefid” cultivar. The highest breeding value (2.2685) for cluster width was observed in “Lal Qermez” and the lowest one (-1.3292) was seen in “Mam Braima” cultivar. About cluster weight, the highest (211.783) and lowest (-121.986) breeding value were observed in “Shahroudi” and “Yaghoti” cultivars, respectively. For fruit set under controlled pollination, the highest (9.1738) and lowest (-9.7768) breeding value were observed in “Qara Shani” and “Bol Mazu” cultivars, respectively (Table 5).
Considering the breeding values of all studied traits, “Taifi”, “Qzl Ouzum”, “Rishbaba Qermez”, “Garmian”, “Agh Shani”, “Lal Qermez”, “Sahebi Qermez”, “Saghal Solian” cultivars were top ranked and “Askari”, “Hosseini”, “Inah Amjai”, “Goi Melki”, “Mam Braima”, “Sachakh” and “Agh Melhi” cultivars got the worst ranking (Table 5). Narrow sense heritability was calculated for all studied traits based on predicted breeding values. Narrow sense heritabilities were 46.21%, 3.83% and 1.97% for total soluble solids (TSS), pH and titratable acidity (TA), respectively. For berry and flesh weights, it was estimated around 88.51% and 83.51%, respectively. For seed weight and seed number narrow sense heritabilities were 32.13% and 32.33%. For juice volume it was estimated 17.46%. Concerning to fruit set in open pollination and fruit set under controlled pollination narrow sense heritabilities were estimated 38.25% and 15.37%, respectively. It was 46.19% for pollen germination. For cluster length, cluster width and cluster weight narrow sense heritabilities were estimated 25.37%, 9.32% and 27.34%, respectively (Table 5). The highest heritability was observed in berry and flesh weights and the lowest one was seen in TA, pH and cluster width characters (Table 5).
Table 5
Breeding value of V. vinifera cultivars in studying traits
Number
|
Cultivar
|
TSS
|
Rank
|
pH
|
Rank
|
TA
|
Rank
|
BW
|
Rank
|
FW
|
Rank
|
SSW
|
Rank
|
SN
|
Rank
|
1
|
Rezghi
|
-0.6385
|
21
|
-0.0075
|
14
|
0.0168
|
39
|
-1.0902
|
12
|
-1.0133
|
12
|
-0.0041
|
25
|
-0.2511
|
12
|
2
|
Hosseini
|
-2.4015
|
5
|
-0.0085
|
13
|
-0.0373
|
15
|
0.2769
|
30
|
0.4187
|
31
|
-0.0116
|
10
|
-0.2902
|
9
|
3
|
Tabarze Sefid
|
1.5597
|
40
|
0.1891
|
44
|
-0.0549
|
5
|
-0.8497
|
15
|
-0.8001
|
15
|
-0.0095
|
16
|
-0.1594
|
21
|
4
|
Saghal Solian
|
1.0926
|
34
|
0.1799
|
42
|
-0.0463
|
8
|
0.0462
|
28
|
0.1245
|
28
|
-0.0031
|
26
|
0.0325
|
29
|
5
|
At Ouzum
|
-2.9760*
|
1
|
-0.0643
|
3
|
0.0023
|
33
|
0.6809
|
39
|
0.7630
|
38
|
-0.0098
|
15
|
0.4067
|
39
|
6
|
Lal Seyah
|
0.5610
|
32
|
-0.0219
|
10
|
-0.0113
|
28
|
-0.6362
|
19
|
-0.6202
|
18
|
0.0028
|
34
|
0.3193
|
38
|
7
|
Seyah Sardasht
|
1.2420
|
36
|
0.0183
|
19
|
-0.0045
|
30
|
-1.7427**
|
2
|
-1.6217**
|
2
|
-0.0110
|
13
|
0.4132
|
40
|
8
|
Garmian
|
-0.2857
|
23
|
-0.0773
|
1
|
0.0219
|
41
|
0.7280
|
40
|
0.7869
|
41
|
-0.0049
|
23
|
0.2872
|
36
|
9
|
Maiemo
|
-0.9128
|
16
|
-0.0143
|
11
|
0.0044
|
35
|
-1.1177
|
11
|
-0.9748
|
13
|
-0.0094
|
17
|
-0.1049
|
24
|
10
|
Rishbaba Qermez
|
0.2513
|
30
|
0.0415
|
26
|
-0.0293
|
19
|
-0.8159
|
16
|
-0.6876
|
17
|
-0.0075
|
21
|
0.3178
|
37
|
11
|
Taifi
|
-0.0364
|
25
|
-0.0122
|
12
|
-0.0402
|
12
|
0.6112
|
36
|
0.6477
|
36
|
0.0029
|
35
|
0.6065*
|
44
|
12
|
Keshmeshi Qermez
|
1.3684
|
38
|
0.1285
|
39
|
-0.0159
|
26
|
-1.1752*
|
10
|
-1.1400*
|
10
|
-0.0224*
|
3
|
-0.1837
|
19
|
13
|
Fakhri
|
2.0662
|
44
|
0.0929
|
35
|
-0.0639
|
2
|
-0.5695
|
20
|
-0.4567
|
21
|
0.0014
|
32
|
-0.3179
|
5
|
14
|
Shahroudi
|
-2.4115
|
4
|
0.0781
|
32
|
-0.0308
|
18
|
-0.4257
|
24
|
-0.3069
|
25
|
-0.0101
|
14
|
-0.2643
|
11
|
15
|
Qara Shani
|
1.2783
|
37
|
-0.0431
|
5
|
0.0592
|
44
|
-0.3569
|
25
|
-0.3220
|
24
|
-0.0087
|
19
|
0.5828*
|
43
|
16
|
Sahebi Qermez
|
-1.0808
|
13
|
0.0186
|
20
|
-0.0225
|
23
|
0.9778
|
42
|
1.0421
|
42
|
-0.0024
|
27
|
0.1786
|
32
|
17
|
Inah Amjai
|
-2.1367
|
8
|
0.0395
|
25
|
-0.0559
|
4
|
0.3703
|
33
|
0.4735
|
34
|
-0.0067
|
22
|
-0.2860
|
10
|
18
|
Tabarze Qermez
|
1.3766
|
39
|
0.2052
|
45
|
-0.0382
|
14
|
-0.5135
|
21
|
-0.5489
|
20
|
-0.0128
|
9
|
-0.2468
|
13
|
19
|
Dastarchin
|
1.0645
|
33
|
0.1732
|
41
|
-0.0209
|
24
|
-0.7601
|
17
|
-0.7148
|
16
|
-0.0116
|
10
|
-0.3113
|
6
|
20
|
Rishbaba Sefid
|
-1.5506
|
11
|
0.0068
|
17
|
0.0027
|
34
|
-1.7275**
|
4
|
-1.5865**
|
3
|
-0.0081
|
20
|
-0.2170
|
16
|
21
|
Agh Melhi
|
0.0413
|
28
|
-0.0352
|
6
|
-0.0003
|
32
|
-1.3364*
|
8
|
-1.1931
|
9
|
-0.0139
|
8
|
-0.1902
|
18
|
22
|
Goi Melki
|
-1.6139
|
10
|
0.0370
|
24
|
-0.0429
|
10
|
0.3337
|
32
|
0.4207
|
32
|
0.0091
|
41
|
-0.2937
|
8
|
23
|
Sayani
|
-0.7039
|
19
|
0.0208
|
21
|
-0.0466
|
7
|
-1.0822
|
13
|
-0.9724
|
14
|
0.0008
|
31
|
-0.1426
|
22
|
24
|
Kalati
|
-1.5012
|
12
|
0.0476
|
28
|
-0.0261
|
21
|
-0.1787
|
26
|
-0.0832
|
27
|
-0.0048
|
24
|
-0.0261
|
28
|
25
|
Mam Braima
|
-2.4737
|
3
|
0.0736
|
31
|
-0.0156
|
27
|
0.7358
|
41
|
0.7742
|
40
|
0.0279*
|
44
|
-0.5183
|
1
|
26
|
Bol Mazu
|
-0.4542
|
22
|
-0.0282
|
9
|
0.0113
|
37
|
0.6793
|
38
|
0.7728
|
39
|
0.0024
|
33
|
-0.2109
|
17
|
27
|
Lal Qermez
|
-1.0505
|
14
|
0.0512
|
30
|
-0.0489
|
6
|
0.1149
|
29
|
0.1475
|
29
|
-0.0015
|
28
|
0.5315
|
42
|
28
|
Sefid Shakh Shakh
|
1.6054
|
41
|
0.1485
|
40
|
-0.0240
|
22
|
-1.4358*
|
6
|
-1.2961*
|
6
|
-0.0222*
|
4
|
-0.1006
|
25
|
29
|
Alhaghi
|
-2.4973
|
2
|
0.1064
|
38
|
-0.0420
|
11
|
-0.7402
|
18
|
-0.6033
|
19
|
-0.0140
|
7
|
-0.4194
|
2
|
30
|
Askari
|
-2.1175
|
9
|
0.0436
|
27
|
0.0217
|
40
|
-1.7321**
|
3
|
-1.5386*
|
4
|
-0.0309*
|
1
|
-0.2336
|
15
|
31
|
Keshmeshi Sefid
|
1.8917
|
43
|
0.0995
|
36
|
-0.0181
|
25
|
-1.4123*
|
7
|
-1.2717*
|
7
|
-0.0229
|
2
|
-0.1229
|
23
|
32
|
Rejin
|
1.8828
|
42
|
0.1890
|
43
|
-0.0278
|
20
|
-2.9236**
|
1
|
-2.4007**
|
1
|
-0.0187
|
5
|
-0.0825
|
26
|
33
|
Sarghola
|
0.0062
|
27
|
-0.0310
|
7
|
-0.0600
|
3
|
1.2493*
|
43
|
1.3487*
|
44
|
-0.0008
|
30
|
0.4917
|
41
|
34
|
Chava Ga
|
0.3101
|
31
|
-0.0731
|
2
|
0.0082
|
36
|
0.5232
|
35
|
0.4403
|
33
|
0.0128
|
42
|
0.6241*
|
45
|
35
|
Yaghoti
|
-0.1852
|
24
|
-0.0029
|
16
|
0.0499
|
43
|
-1.3076*
|
9
|
-1.2099*
|
8
|
0.0089
|
40
|
-0.3102
|
7
|
36
|
Qara Gandoma
|
-0.9326
|
15
|
0.0221
|
22
|
-0.0028
|
31
|
-0.4893
|
23
|
-0.4284
|
22
|
0.00881
|
39
|
-0.1675
|
20
|
37
|
Gazandaii
|
-2.2117
|
7
|
-0.0045
|
15
|
-0.0326
|
17
|
1.2770*
|
44
|
1.3305*
|
43
|
-0.0093
|
18
|
0.2204
|
33
|
38
|
Qzl Ouzum
|
0.1568
|
29
|
0.1033
|
37
|
-0.0456
|
9
|
1.4583*
|
45
|
1.4914*
|
45
|
0.0080
|
37
|
0.1409
|
31
|
39
|
Agh Shani
|
1.1959
|
35
|
0.0171
|
18
|
0.0148
|
38
|
0.3055
|
31
|
0.4025
|
30
|
-0.0112
|
12
|
0.0642
|
30
|
40
|
Jig Jiga
|
-0.7944
|
17
|
-0.0461
|
4
|
0.0308
|
42
|
-1.0584
|
14
|
-1.0549
|
11
|
0.0080
|
37
|
0.2285
|
34
|
41
|
Lal Sefid
|
-0.6458
|
20
|
0.0282
|
23
|
-0.0051
|
29
|
-0.5030
|
22
|
-0.3747
|
23
|
-0.0162
|
6
|
-0.0306
|
27
|
42
|
Klkarevi
|
2.4342
|
45
|
-0.0287
|
8
|
0.0942
|
45
|
-1.6757**
|
5
|
-1.5302*
|
5
|
-0.0012
|
29
|
-0.4108
|
3
|
43
|
Sachakh
|
-0.7598
|
18
|
0.0499
|
29
|
-0.0341
|
16
|
0.4987
|
34
|
0.5552
|
35
|
0.0139
|
43
|
-0.3665
|
4
|
44
|
Shirazi
|
-2.3412
|
6
|
0.0906
|
34
|
-0.0645
|
1
|
-0.0194
|
27
|
-0.0927
|
26
|
0.0521**
|
45
|
-0.2433
|
14
|
45
|
Angotka
|
-0.0311
|
26
|
0.0818
|
33
|
-0.0400
|
13
|
0.6746
|
37
|
0.7053
|
37
|
0.0071
|
36
|
0.2513
|
35
|
|
%Narrow sense heritability
|
46.21
|
|
3.83
|
|
1.97
|
|
88.51
|
|
83.51
|
|
32.13
|
|
32.33
|
|
Table 5
(Continuation) Breeding value of V. vinifera cultivars in studying traits
Number
|
Cultivar
|
JV
|
Rank
|
FSOP
|
Rank
|
PG
|
Rank
|
CL
|
Rank
|
CWi
|
Rank
|
CW
|
Rank
|
FSCP
|
Rank
|
Sum of ranks
|
1
|
Rezghi
|
2.8965
|
42
|
-12.5984*
|
3
|
-8.1994
|
8
|
2.3681
|
41
|
0.0536
|
22
|
-31.423
|
16
|
-4.7609
|
7
|
274
|
2
|
Hosseini
|
-0.8817
|
20
|
-9.5757
|
6
|
3.9173
|
22
|
-3.1628
|
3
|
-0.9271
|
3
|
-78.435
|
4
|
1.3099
|
29
|
200
|
3
|
Tabarze Sefid
|
-3.8019*
|
3
|
-8.5253
|
9
|
12.5161
|
37
|
0.0463
|
15
|
-0.2859
|
13
|
-37.536
|
15
|
1.5955
|
34
|
282
|
4
|
Saghal Solian
|
-0.6768
|
22
|
-6.4190
|
18
|
16.0167
|
40
|
0.8406
|
27
|
0.4573
|
35
|
23.029
|
34
|
2.3219
|
36
|
407
|
5
|
At Ouzum
|
0.7094
|
36
|
-5.4238
|
22
|
-0.1167
|
17
|
0.9101
|
30
|
0.0831
|
26
|
16.473
|
32
|
-0.9321
|
18
|
349
|
6
|
Lal Seyah
|
-2.0783
|
12
|
8.0225
|
43
|
-4.9109
|
14
|
-2.1832
|
6
|
-0.8408
|
5
|
4.068
|
28
|
7.8283
|
43
|
330
|
7
|
Seyah Sardasht
|
-0.1224
|
29
|
-6.2370
|
19
|
8.1469
|
28
|
-1.6229
|
7
|
-0.4276
|
11
|
-65.036
|
6
|
1.3020
|
28
|
270
|
8
|
Garmian
|
-1.2243
|
17
|
0.3276
|
34
|
8.8130
|
31
|
0.7535
|
25
|
0.6913
|
39
|
37.042
|
37
|
8.7279
|
44
|
432
|
9
|
Maiemo
|
1.7818
|
38
|
-9.3284
|
7
|
2.4785
|
19
|
1.6377
|
35
|
0.7302
|
40
|
-31.235
|
17
|
-4.2791
|
9
|
292
|
10
|
Rishbaba Qermez
|
0.3599
|
33
|
2.4234
|
37
|
22.5191*
|
43
|
2.2945
|
38
|
1.3263
|
43
|
35.210
|
36
|
3.2429
|
38
|
434
|
11
|
Taifi
|
3.3511
|
44
|
-1.7388
|
30
|
4.9552
|
24
|
0.0794
|
16
|
0.7582
|
41
|
171.652*
|
42
|
3.4740
|
40
|
437
|
12
|
Keshmeshi Qermez
|
-3.4054*
|
5
|
-8.2283
|
10
|
8.2316
|
30
|
0.3833
|
21
|
-0.0931
|
18
|
-40.898
|
14
|
1.5136
|
32
|
275
|
13
|
Fakhri
|
-2.2115
|
11
|
2.8535
|
40
|
24.9031**
|
45
|
-2.3826
|
4
|
0.0556
|
23
|
-108.296
|
2
|
1.2595
|
27
|
311
|
14
|
Shahroudi
|
-0.2711
|
25
|
1.7806
|
36
|
-8.0582
|
9
|
2.5863
|
43
|
0.0758
|
25
|
211.783*
|
45
|
-3.9068
|
11
|
322
|
15
|
Qara Shani
|
-0.1970
|
28
|
17.8417**
|
45
|
-5.4311
|
12
|
-0.4402
|
10
|
0.1703
|
28
|
-47.266
|
12
|
9.1738
|
45
|
377
|
16
|
Sahebi Qermez
|
4.6295*
|
45
|
-0.3362
|
32
|
-13.8949
|
4
|
0.8705
|
28
|
2.0291*
|
44
|
174.977*
|
43
|
-1.2320
|
17
|
412
|
17
|
Inah Amjai
|
-1.0278
|
18
|
-8.1471
|
11
|
4.9079
|
23
|
-3.2069
|
2
|
-0.6583
|
8
|
-49.957
|
10
|
0.6135
|
26
|
234
|
18
|
Tabarze Qermez
|
-3.3934
|
6
|
-6.0394
|
20
|
11.5504
|
33
|
1.1631
|
34
|
0.3336
|
32
|
-2.446
|
26
|
1.3201
|
30
|
342
|
19
|
Dastarchin
|
-2.5875
|
9
|
-7.6361
|
14
|
10.1940
|
32
|
1.1442
|
31
|
0.3937
|
34
|
-9.197
|
24
|
0.5005
|
25
|
316
|
20
|
Rishbaba Sefid
|
2.7125
|
40
|
-7.2191
|
16
|
8.2271
|
29
|
2.3439
|
40
|
0.6698
|
38
|
-26.010
|
20
|
-4.7777
|
6
|
294
|
21
|
Agh Melhi
|
0.4595
|
34
|
-4.0021
|
27
|
16.0685
|
41
|
-1.5739
|
8
|
-0.5244
|
9
|
-85.569
|
3
|
-0.8058
|
19
|
250
|
22
|
Goi Melki
|
-0.3369
|
24
|
-12.5808*
|
4
|
6.0848
|
26
|
-0.3074
|
11
|
-0.8063
|
6
|
-75.823
|
5
|
-5.5572
|
3
|
236
|
23
|
Sayani
|
1.7232
|
37
|
-5.3235
|
23
|
-4.9499
|
13
|
1.1554
|
33
|
-0.2325
|
14
|
44.736
|
38
|
-3.9324
|
10
|
295
|
24
|
Kalati
|
0.0249
|
30
|
2.4369
|
38
|
-9.3695
|
7
|
0.7634
|
26
|
0.6215
|
37
|
-29.348
|
19
|
2.1190
|
35
|
358
|
25
|
Mam Braima
|
-0.3735
|
23
|
-19.7354**
|
1
|
-20.3949*
|
1
|
-0.1071
|
13
|
-1.3292
|
1
|
-57.176
|
9
|
-9.6850
|
2
|
237
|
26
|
Bol Mazu
|
2.0746
|
39
|
-10.3485
|
5
|
-13.6343
|
5
|
0.3451
|
20
|
-1.0033
|
2
|
-25.115
|
21
|
-9.7768
|
1
|
288
|
27
|
Lal Qermez
|
2.7605
|
41
|
-1.3236
|
31
|
11.7650
|
34
|
0.8706
|
29
|
2.2685*
|
45
|
101.809
|
41
|
-1.3095
|
16
|
415
|
28
|
Sefid Shakh Shakh
|
-3.1198
|
7
|
-7.4481
|
15
|
15.2255*
|
39
|
0.5322
|
24
|
0.0574
|
24
|
-31.013
|
18
|
2.5868
|
37
|
308
|
29
|
Alhaghi
|
-0.2127
|
27
|
2.6229
|
39
|
-12.5528
|
6
|
2.7001
|
44
|
0.2441
|
30
|
208.685*
|
44
|
-2.5854
|
15
|
302
|
30
|
Askari
|
-3.9114
|
2
|
-9.1625
|
8
|
14.0619
|
38
|
0.0066
|
14
|
-0.3783
|
12
|
-59.188
|
8
|
-3.6176
|
12
|
193
|
31
|
Keshmeshi Sefid
|
-1.5355
|
16
|
-7.6692
|
12
|
18.4415*
|
42
|
0.0946
|
17
|
-0.4602
|
10
|
-44.847
|
13
|
1.5324
|
33
|
286
|
32
|
Rejin
|
-2.5737
|
10
|
-4.4204
|
26
|
23.9810**
|
44
|
0.4288
|
22
|
-0.0803
|
19
|
-23.599
|
22
|
3.2739
|
39
|
320
|
33
|
Sarghola
|
-0.8607
|
21
|
-5.1890
|
24
|
3.5831
|
20
|
0.1044
|
18
|
0.3848
|
33
|
23.464
|
35
|
-0.3444
|
22
|
368
|
34
|
Chava Ga
|
-1.7135
|
14
|
-5.6535
|
21
|
-18.3529*
|
2
|
0.4452
|
23
|
0.2779
|
31
|
13.879
|
31
|
-3.1575
|
14
|
360
|
35
|
Yaghoti
|
-2.9675
|
8
|
0.0457
|
33
|
7.2376
|
27
|
-0.2837
|
12
|
0.0392
|
21
|
-121.986
|
1
|
-4.8387
|
5
|
254
|
36
|
Qara Gandoma
|
3.0149
|
43
|
-6.9581
|
17
|
-16.8250
|
3
|
1.7657
|
36
|
0.1327
|
27
|
-4.943
|
25
|
-0.3776
|
21
|
344
|
37
|
Gazandaii
|
0.2445
|
32
|
-7.6455
|
13
|
-4.6550
|
15
|
2.3883
|
42
|
-0.7836
|
7
|
6.706
|
30
|
-0.7871
|
20
|
336
|
38
|
Qzl Ouzum
|
0.1929
|
31
|
-5.0105
|
25
|
-6.9770
|
10
|
2.8615
|
45
|
0.1785
|
29
|
82.887
|
40
|
0.4623
|
24
|
437
|
39
|
Agh Shani
|
-4.5384*
|
1
|
3.1126
|
41
|
5.0923
|
25
|
2.2979
|
39
|
1.0296
|
42
|
68.073
|
39
|
5.6051
|
41
|
422
|
40
|
Jig Jiga
|
-1.8475
|
13
|
-2.5927
|
29
|
1.3384
|
18
|
1.1496
|
32
|
0.4889
|
36
|
-47.595
|
11
|
0.2801
|
23
|
321
|
41
|
Lal Sefid
|
-3.4780
|
4
|
5.7738
|
42
|
11.8121
|
35
|
-3.3038
|
1
|
0.0114
|
20
|
4.649
|
29
|
1.4563
|
31
|
312
|
42
|
Klkarevi
|
-0.2225
|
26
|
10.4248
|
44
|
-5.5205
|
11
|
2.0237
|
37
|
-0.2150
|
15
|
0.944
|
27
|
-4.6985
|
8
|
308
|
43
|
Sachakh
|
-1.6872
|
15
|
-14.0367*
|
2
|
-4.2272
|
16
|
0.1425
|
19
|
-0.9138
|
4
|
-64.211
|
7
|
-5.4802
|
4
|
246
|
44
|
Shirazi
|
0.4941
|
35
|
1.2941
|
35
|
12.2134
|
36
|
-2.2940
|
5
|
-0.1390
|
17
|
-20.502
|
23
|
5.7899
|
42
|
346
|
45
|
Angotka
|
-0.9521
|
19
|
-2.9218
|
28
|
3.7512
|
21
|
-0.6779
|
9
|
-0.2081
|
16
|
16.540
|
33
|
-3.5794
|
13
|
356
|
|
%Narrow sense heritability
|
17.46
|
|
38.25
|
|
46.19
|
|
25.37
|
|
9.32
|
|
27.34
|
|
15.37
|
|
|
TSS: Total soluble solids, TA: Titratable acidity, BW: Berry weight, FW: Flesh weight, SSW: Single seed weight, SN: Seed number, JV: Juice volume, FSOP: Fruit set in open pollination, PG: Pollen germination, CL: Cluster length, Cwi: Cluster width, CW: Cluster weight, FSCP: Fruit set under controlled pollination.
Synteny analysis of distribution of genotypes across dendrograms. Comparing the phenotypic clustering with that produced by estimated breeding values revealed that 26.67% of cultivars were grouped into the same groups across the two hierarchical clusters (Fig. 1). Cluster analysis by breeding values as well as that based on SSR genotypic data revealed the presence of four genetic groups in the studied germplasm (Fig. 1). It was observed that the genotypes distribution pattern in clustering with breeding values is different with that clustered by SSR genotypic data (Fig. 1). By comparing the two dendrograms, it was found that all of cultivars except “Rishbaba Qermez” in group 1 of molecular cluster were grouped into similar position across hierarchical clustering with breeding values (Fig. 1).
Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). To further clarify the genetic relationship between groups resulting from each one of molecular, morphological and breeding value cluster analyses; discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) was performed. DAPC results classified obviously the collections into four groups (Fig. 3). Results of molecular DAPC showed high dissimilarity between groups. However, some similarity was observed between groups 1 and 2 and also between groups 1 and 3. Density plot of individuals along the first discriminant function also indicated the presence of four groups based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC). High genetic diversity was observed in group 3. Red and orange colored peaks corresponding to groups 1 and 3 are largely overlap. Blue colored peak corresponding to group 4 is completely distinct. DAPC analysis of morphological and breeding values showed high similarity between groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 are largely overlap (Fig. 3).