This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Internet Services and Applications. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
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Research
Edson Camargo
Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-9142
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology Paraná and Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves, such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two out of the box commercial and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving through three representative urban areas. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, planning its coverage throughout the city. Results of tracking devices were analyzed under quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), package delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the geographic coordinates received.
Keywords
Internet of Things, Smart cities, LoRaWAN, GPS, tracking device
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On 29 Nov, 2020
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On 23 Nov, 2020
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Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Nov, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Internet Services and Applications. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Edson Camargo
Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-9142
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version (no preprint)
Posted 27 Oct, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 27 Oct, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 07 Apr, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 27 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Dec, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 21 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 23 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Oct, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Systems and Networking
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Recent public cooperation between the Federal University of Technology Paraná and Toledo Municipality plans to implement the concept of smart cities in this city. In this context, one of the applications under development intends to track the recyclable garbage collector trucks in real time over the Internet. Actually, fleet vehicle tracking is one of the main applications for smart cities. LoRaWAN stands out among network technologies for smart cities due to operating in an open frequency range, covering long distances with low power consumption and low equipment cost. However, the coverage and performance of LoRaWAN is directly affected by both the environment and configuration parameters. In addition, tracking devices must be able to send its coordinates to the Internet even when the vehicle goes through zones where there are obstacles for electromagnetic waves, such as elevated buildings or valleys. In this paper we perform experimental investigations to evaluate four LoRaWAN tracking devices, two out of the box commercial and two assembled and programmed. The behavior of each tracking device is analyzed when moving through three representative urban areas. As the devices depend on the quality of the signal offered by the network, we also present the results of the development and evaluation of the LoRaWAN network, planning its coverage throughout the city. Results of tracking devices were analyzed under quantitative and qualitative aspects, including the received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), package delivery ratio (PDR), and spreading factor (SF) for the geographic coordinates received.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
This preprint is available for download as a PDF.
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