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Research article
Lipidome analysis of milk composition in humans, monkeys, bovids, and pigs.
philipp khaitovich
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Ecology and Evolution.
Background Lipids contained in milk are an essential source of energy and structural materials for a growing infant. Furthermore, lipids’ long-chain unsaturated fatty acid residues can directly participate in infant tissue formation. Here, we used untargeted mass spectrometric measurements to assess milk lipid composition in seven mammalian species: humans, two macaque species, cows, goats, yaks, and pigs.
Results Analysis of the main milk lipid class, triacylglycerides, revealed species-specific quantitative differences in the composition of fatty acid residues for each of seven species. Overall, differences in milk lipid composition reflect evolutionary distances among species, with each species group demonstrating specific lipidome features. Among them, human milk contained more medium and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids compared to other species, while pig milk was the most distinct, featuring the highest proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Conclusions We show that milk lipidome composition is dynamic across mammalian species, changed extensively in pigs, and contains features particular to humans.
Keywords
lipidome, milk, evolution.
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 14 Apr, 2020
Published
On 19 Jun, 2020
Published
On 19 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 18 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 12 Dec, 2019
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Ecology and Evolution. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Lipidome analysis of milk composition in humans, monkeys, bovids, and pigs.
philipp khaitovich
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 14 Apr, 2020
Published
On 19 Jun, 2020
Published
On 19 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 18 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 12 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Ecology and Evolution.
Background Lipids contained in milk are an essential source of energy and structural materials for a growing infant. Furthermore, lipids’ long-chain unsaturated fatty acid residues can directly participate in infant tissue formation. Here, we used untargeted mass spectrometric measurements to assess milk lipid composition in seven mammalian species: humans, two macaque species, cows, goats, yaks, and pigs.
Results Analysis of the main milk lipid class, triacylglycerides, revealed species-specific quantitative differences in the composition of fatty acid residues for each of seven species. Overall, differences in milk lipid composition reflect evolutionary distances among species, with each species group demonstrating specific lipidome features. Among them, human milk contained more medium and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids compared to other species, while pig milk was the most distinct, featuring the highest proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Conclusions We show that milk lipidome composition is dynamic across mammalian species, changed extensively in pigs, and contains features particular to humans.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4