Data availability
All metagenomic datasets and gene catalogues of PM-RGC have been deposited in the NCBI database under BioProject accession no. PRJNA588686. The 214 microbial genome bins are uploaded to figshare (https://figshare.com/s/fd5f60b5da7a63aaa74b, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.10302425).
Acknowledgements
Not applicable.
Funding
This work was funded by the National Key R & D Program of China (2018YFC1406703), the Scientific Research Staring Foundations of Ocean University of China to Yu-Zhong Zhang (841912034) and Weipeng Zhang (841912035), the National Science Foundation of China (U1706207, 31630012, 91851205, 31670063), the Program of Shandong for Taishan Scholars (tspd20181203), and AoShan Talents Cultivation Program Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2017ASTCP-OS14).
Author information
Affiliations
The Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Ocean Administration, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
Sunan Cao, Jianfeng He
College of Marine Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Weipeng Zhang, Wei Ding, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang, Yuzhong Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Xiulan Chen
Contributions
YZ, JH, XC and MW conceived the study. WZ and WD performed data analyses. SC collected samples. WZ and AM wrote the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Correspondence Yuzhong Zhang or Jianfeng He.
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Competing interests
We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Supplementary information
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Genus-level composition based on analysis of 16S miTags. Abundant phyla (the top 30 phyla in terms of maximum relative abundance) are shown with all other phyla grouped together as ‘Minor or unclassified’. The four groups: Arctic-Surface (0-100 m), Arctic-Deep (200-4,000 m), Antarctic-Surface (0-100 m), and Antarctic-Deep (200-4,000 m). Figure S2. Taxonomic distribution of the 214 genome bins recovered from the polar metagenomes. All the bins have 80% or higher completeness. Figure S3. Comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes. A Venn diagram showing the distribution of OTUs across the Arctic and the Antarctic miTags. Only OTUs with more than 2 miTag numbers are included for analysis. B BLASTp searching Antarctic orthologs using the Arctic orthologs as queries. C BLASTp searching Arctic orthologs using the Antarctic orthologs as queries. Orthologs of lower than 40% similarity or higher than 1e-7 e-value were considered as ‘specific’. Figure S4. Functions enriched in the Arctic microbiomes. The Arctic and Antarctic-specific orthologs were annotated by searching against the COG database. Relative abundance of a given COG is the number of orthologs classified into this COG divided by the total number of orthologs. The 40 most abundant COGs significantly (p-value < 0.01) enriched in the Arctic are shown. Orange color indicates antibiotic resistance genes. Figure S5. Functions enriched in the Antarctic microbiomes. The Arctic and Antarctic-specific orthologs were annotated by searching against the COG database. Relative abundance of a given COG is the number of orthologs classified into this COG divided by the total number of orthologs. The 40 most abundant COGs significantly (p-value < 0.01) enriched in the Antarctic are shown. Purple color indicates genes involved in DNA recombination.
Additional file 2: Table S1. Sampling locations and metagenomic reads information.
Additional file 3: Table S2. Information of the assembled contigs.
Additional file 4: Table S3. Full phyla list and their abundance in the polar seawater.
Additional file 5: Table S4. Full list of genera and their abundance in the polar seawater.
Additional file 6: Table S5. Information of the genome bins extracted from polar seawater metagenomes.