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Short communication
Analysis of the Comparative Occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant (4,[5],12:i:-) in Healthy and Clinically Ill Pigs in Northern Italy
Mario D'Incau
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-2497
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
The serovar Typhimurium (4,[5],12:i:1,2), is the most frequently isolated serovar in case of illness in pigs in Europe and its monophasic variant (4,[5],12:i:-) has been increasingly responsible for Salmonella outbreaks in humans. A total of 29,549 samples were collected, during the years 2002–2017, from 1,359 pig farms located in Northern Italy. Samples were collected from different material sources including fecal samples, gut content and different organs.
Results
Salmonella was isolated in 16.94% of samples and, among the isolates, 733 were typed as Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) or its monophasic variant (MST). Over time, there was a progressive increase of isolation of MST which outnumbered ST. Most of the strains were isolated in animals during the weaning stage and the growing – fattening period whereas the clinical cases were mainly present in young pigs after weaning.
Conclusion
This study confirms the role of pig as a source of ST and its monophasic variant MST. In the last few years, ST has been progressively replaced by MST suggesting that MST has a competitive advantage over ST, probably due to its reduced virulence which renders the infection stealthier to recognize and control.
Keywords
Salmonella Typhimurium, pig, epidemiology
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 15 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 24 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 08 Dec, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at Porcine Health Management. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Short communication
Analysis of the Comparative Occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant (4,[5],12:i:-) in Healthy and Clinically Ill Pigs in Northern Italy
Mario D'Incau
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-2497
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 15 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Jan, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 24 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 09 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 08 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
The serovar Typhimurium (4,[5],12:i:1,2), is the most frequently isolated serovar in case of illness in pigs in Europe and its monophasic variant (4,[5],12:i:-) has been increasingly responsible for Salmonella outbreaks in humans. A total of 29,549 samples were collected, during the years 2002–2017, from 1,359 pig farms located in Northern Italy. Samples were collected from different material sources including fecal samples, gut content and different organs.
Results
Salmonella was isolated in 16.94% of samples and, among the isolates, 733 were typed as Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) or its monophasic variant (MST). Over time, there was a progressive increase of isolation of MST which outnumbered ST. Most of the strains were isolated in animals during the weaning stage and the growing – fattening period whereas the clinical cases were mainly present in young pigs after weaning.
Conclusion
This study confirms the role of pig as a source of ST and its monophasic variant MST. In the last few years, ST has been progressively replaced by MST suggesting that MST has a competitive advantage over ST, probably due to its reduced virulence which renders the infection stealthier to recognize and control.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3