Energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study in Iran
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Iranian adults. For this purpose, a total of 143 cases with a newly confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD and 471 controls free of the disease were studied. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results: The percentage of calories from total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks was 6.08% and 5.04%, in patients and controls, respectively (p=0.036). Compared with subjects in the lowest quartile of total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake, the risk of NAFLD for those in the top quartile of consumption increased by about two times, in both crude (OR:1.94; 95% CIs: 1.16-3.26; P for trend=0.015) and adjusted (OR:2.27; 95%CIs: 1.19-4.31; P for trend=0.001) models. The relative odds of NAFLD increased significantly in the fourth quartile of dietary cake and biscuit (OR: 1.21, P for trend=0.037) and soft drinks (OR: 1.64, P for trend=0.005) intake compared with the lowest corresponding quartiles, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol, energy intake. Our results indicate that there might be a moderate positive association between energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake and risk of NAFLD.
Posted 13 Apr, 2020
On 07 Apr, 2020
On 01 Apr, 2020
On 31 Mar, 2020
On 30 Mar, 2020
On 30 Mar, 2020
On 26 Mar, 2020
Received 25 Mar, 2020
On 23 Mar, 2020
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
On 23 Mar, 2020
On 22 Mar, 2020
On 22 Mar, 2020
On 10 Mar, 2020
Received 25 Feb, 2020
On 17 Feb, 2020
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On 17 Feb, 2020
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On 15 Feb, 2020
Energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study in Iran
Posted 13 Apr, 2020
On 07 Apr, 2020
On 01 Apr, 2020
On 31 Mar, 2020
On 30 Mar, 2020
On 30 Mar, 2020
On 26 Mar, 2020
Received 25 Mar, 2020
On 23 Mar, 2020
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
On 23 Mar, 2020
On 22 Mar, 2020
On 22 Mar, 2020
On 10 Mar, 2020
Received 25 Feb, 2020
On 17 Feb, 2020
Invitations sent on 17 Feb, 2020
On 17 Feb, 2020
On 16 Feb, 2020
On 16 Feb, 2020
On 15 Feb, 2020
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Iranian adults. For this purpose, a total of 143 cases with a newly confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD and 471 controls free of the disease were studied. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results: The percentage of calories from total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks was 6.08% and 5.04%, in patients and controls, respectively (p=0.036). Compared with subjects in the lowest quartile of total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake, the risk of NAFLD for those in the top quartile of consumption increased by about two times, in both crude (OR:1.94; 95% CIs: 1.16-3.26; P for trend=0.015) and adjusted (OR:2.27; 95%CIs: 1.19-4.31; P for trend=0.001) models. The relative odds of NAFLD increased significantly in the fourth quartile of dietary cake and biscuit (OR: 1.21, P for trend=0.037) and soft drinks (OR: 1.64, P for trend=0.005) intake compared with the lowest corresponding quartiles, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol, energy intake. Our results indicate that there might be a moderate positive association between energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks intake and risk of NAFLD.