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The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-control, and the home food environment with diet quality assessed by 24-hour recalls during pregnancy and postpartum in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) cohort
Tonja R. Nansel
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-7595
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
Background. Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality.
Methods. Participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study observational cohort were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through one-year postpartum. Pregnancy and postpartum Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-total), and adequacy and moderation scores, respectively, were calculated by pooling 24-hour diet recalls administered each trimester and during 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Participants completed four measures of reward-related eating – Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), Power of Food Scale (PFS), Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and Reinforcing Value of Food Questionnaire (RVFQ); two measures of self-regulation – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Delay of Gratification Inventory (DGI); and a Home Food Inventory (HFI), yielding obesogenic (OBES) and fruit/vegetables (FV) scores. Linear regression analyses estimated associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results. Pregnancy HEI-total was inversely associated with PFS (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.009), mYFAS(β=-0.14± 0.06, p=0.02), 2 of the 5 RVFQ indices, MCP (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.01), and DGI food subscale (β=0.23± 0.05, p<0.001), but associations of postpartum HEI-total with reward-related eating measures and self-regulation were small and not statistically significant. Pregnancy and postpartum HEI-total were associated inversely with HFI-OBES (β=-0.17± 0.06, p=0.004 and β=-0.19± 0.07, p=0.006, respectively), and positively with HFI-FV (β=0.21±0.05, p<0.001 and β=0.17± 0.06, p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusions. Associations of poorer diet quality with greater reward-related eating during pregnancy but not postpartum suggests the need to better understand differences in the determinants of eating behaviors and approaches to circumvent or moderate reward-related eating to facilitate more optimal diet quality across this critical period.
Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov
URL – https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217462
Registration ID – NCT02217462
Date of registration – August 13, 2014
Keywords
Diet quality, pregnancy, postpartum, reward-related eating, self-control, impulsivity, delay of gratification, home food environment
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On 23 Nov, 2020
Published
On 23 Nov, 2020
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Received 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
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On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
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Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Apr, 2020
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Editor invited
On 15 Apr, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-control, and the home food environment with diet quality assessed by 24-hour recalls during pregnancy and postpartum in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) cohort
Tonja R. Nansel
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-7595
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
Published
On 23 Nov, 2020
Published
On 23 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 21 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 19 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 10 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.
Background. Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality.
Methods. Participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study observational cohort were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through one-year postpartum. Pregnancy and postpartum Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-total), and adequacy and moderation scores, respectively, were calculated by pooling 24-hour diet recalls administered each trimester and during 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Participants completed four measures of reward-related eating – Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), Power of Food Scale (PFS), Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and Reinforcing Value of Food Questionnaire (RVFQ); two measures of self-regulation – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Delay of Gratification Inventory (DGI); and a Home Food Inventory (HFI), yielding obesogenic (OBES) and fruit/vegetables (FV) scores. Linear regression analyses estimated associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results. Pregnancy HEI-total was inversely associated with PFS (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.009), mYFAS(β=-0.14± 0.06, p=0.02), 2 of the 5 RVFQ indices, MCP (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.01), and DGI food subscale (β=0.23± 0.05, p<0.001), but associations of postpartum HEI-total with reward-related eating measures and self-regulation were small and not statistically significant. Pregnancy and postpartum HEI-total were associated inversely with HFI-OBES (β=-0.17± 0.06, p=0.004 and β=-0.19± 0.07, p=0.006, respectively), and positively with HFI-FV (β=0.21±0.05, p<0.001 and β=0.17± 0.06, p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusions. Associations of poorer diet quality with greater reward-related eating during pregnancy but not postpartum suggests the need to better understand differences in the determinants of eating behaviors and approaches to circumvent or moderate reward-related eating to facilitate more optimal diet quality across this critical period.
Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov
URL – https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217462
Registration ID – NCT02217462
Date of registration – August 13, 2014
Figure 1
Figure 2