The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-control, and the home food environment with diet quality assessed by 24-hour recalls during pregnancy and postpartum in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) cohort
Background. Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality.
Methods. Participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study observational cohort were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through one-year postpartum. Pregnancy and postpartum Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-total), and adequacy and moderation scores, respectively, were calculated by pooling 24-hour diet recalls administered each trimester and during 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Participants completed four measures of reward-related eating – Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), Power of Food Scale (PFS), Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and Reinforcing Value of Food Questionnaire (RVFQ); two measures of self-regulation – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Delay of Gratification Inventory (DGI); and a Home Food Inventory (HFI), yielding obesogenic (OBES) and fruit/vegetables (FV) scores. Linear regression analyses estimated associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results. Pregnancy HEI-total was inversely associated with PFS (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.009), mYFAS(β=-0.14± 0.06, p=0.02), 2 of the 5 RVFQ indices, MCP (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.01), and DGI food subscale (β=0.23± 0.05, p<0.001), but associations of postpartum HEI-total with reward-related eating measures and self-regulation were small and not statistically significant. Pregnancy and postpartum HEI-total were associated inversely with HFI-OBES (β=-0.17± 0.06, p=0.004 and β=-0.19± 0.07, p=0.006, respectively), and positively with HFI-FV (β=0.21±0.05, p<0.001 and β=0.17± 0.06, p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusions. Associations of poorer diet quality with greater reward-related eating during pregnancy but not postpartum suggests the need to better understand differences in the determinants of eating behaviors and approaches to circumvent or moderate reward-related eating to facilitate more optimal diet quality across this critical period.
Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov
URL – https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217462
Registration ID – NCT02217462
Date of registration – August 13, 2014
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The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-control, and the home food environment with diet quality assessed by 24-hour recalls during pregnancy and postpartum in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) cohort
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
On 23 Nov, 2020
On 23 Nov, 2020
On 28 Oct, 2020
Received 29 Sep, 2020
On 22 Sep, 2020
On 21 Sep, 2020
Received 21 Sep, 2020
Invitations sent on 18 Sep, 2020
On 19 Aug, 2020
On 18 Aug, 2020
On 18 Aug, 2020
On 22 Jun, 2020
Received 10 Jun, 2020
Received 19 May, 2020
On 08 May, 2020
On 01 May, 2020
Invitations sent on 30 Apr, 2020
On 16 Apr, 2020
On 15 Apr, 2020
On 14 Apr, 2020
On 13 Apr, 2020
Background. Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality.
Methods. Participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study observational cohort were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and followed through one-year postpartum. Pregnancy and postpartum Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-total), and adequacy and moderation scores, respectively, were calculated by pooling 24-hour diet recalls administered each trimester and during 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Participants completed four measures of reward-related eating – Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), Power of Food Scale (PFS), Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), and Reinforcing Value of Food Questionnaire (RVFQ); two measures of self-regulation – Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Delay of Gratification Inventory (DGI); and a Home Food Inventory (HFI), yielding obesogenic (OBES) and fruit/vegetables (FV) scores. Linear regression analyses estimated associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results. Pregnancy HEI-total was inversely associated with PFS (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.009), mYFAS(β=-0.14± 0.06, p=0.02), 2 of the 5 RVFQ indices, MCP (β=-0.14± 0.05, p=0.01), and DGI food subscale (β=0.23± 0.05, p<0.001), but associations of postpartum HEI-total with reward-related eating measures and self-regulation were small and not statistically significant. Pregnancy and postpartum HEI-total were associated inversely with HFI-OBES (β=-0.17± 0.06, p=0.004 and β=-0.19± 0.07, p=0.006, respectively), and positively with HFI-FV (β=0.21±0.05, p<0.001 and β=0.17± 0.06, p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusions. Associations of poorer diet quality with greater reward-related eating during pregnancy but not postpartum suggests the need to better understand differences in the determinants of eating behaviors and approaches to circumvent or moderate reward-related eating to facilitate more optimal diet quality across this critical period.
Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov
URL – https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217462
Registration ID – NCT02217462
Date of registration – August 13, 2014
Figure 1
Figure 2