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Research article
Factors associated with malnutrition in children <5 years in western Kenya: A hospital-based unmatched case control study
James Anthony Ransom
Piret Partners Consulting
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-3994
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Nutrition.
Background: Globally, under-nutrition accounts for >3 million deaths annually among children <5 years, with Kenya having ~35,000 deaths. This study aimed to identify factors associated with malnutrition in children aged <5 years in western Kenya.
Methods: We conducted a hospital-based unmatched case-control study between May and June 2017. Cases were defined as children aged 6-59 months with either z-score for weight-for-height ≤-2SD or ≥+2SD; weight-for-age ≤-2SD or ≥+2SD; or height-for-age ≤-2SD. Controls were children aged 6-59 months with age-appropriate anthropometric measurements. Cases were consecutively recruited while systematic random sampling was used to select controls. Data from interviews and clinical records were collected and entered into Epi-Info, which was used to run unconditional logistic regression analyses.
Results: A total of 94 cases and 281 controls were recruited. Of the cases, 84% (79/94) were under-nourished. Mother not having attended ante-natal clinic (OR=7.9; 95% CI: 1.5-41.2), deworming (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.4-1.2), and pre-lacteal feeding (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) were associated with under-nutrition. Delayed developmental milestones (AOR=13.9; 95% CI: 2.8-68.6); low birth weight (AOR=3.3; 95% CI: 1.4-7.6), and paternal lack of formal education (AOR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.3-18.9) were independently associated with under-nutrition.
Conclusion: Proper pre-natal care, child feeding practices and deworming programs should be enhanced to reduce pediatric malnutrition.
Keywords
malnutrition, children, case control study, Kenya
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 03 Jun, 2020
Published
On 29 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jul, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 10 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 10 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 03 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 03 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 01 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 26 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 26 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 26 Oct, 2019
Review #3 received
Received 11 Oct, 2019
Review #5 received
Received 11 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 07 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 28 Sep, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2019
Review #4 received
Received 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 23 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 16 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 09 Jul, 2019
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Nutrition. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Factors associated with malnutrition in children <5 years in western Kenya: A hospital-based unmatched case control study
James Anthony Ransom
Piret Partners Consulting
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-3994
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 5
Posted 03 Jun, 2020
Published
On 29 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jul, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 16 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 10 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 10 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 03 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 03 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 01 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 26 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 26 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 26 Oct, 2019
Review #3 received
Received 11 Oct, 2019
Review #5 received
Received 11 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 07 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 28 Sep, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2019
Review #4 received
Received 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 23 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 16 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 09 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Nutrition.
Background: Globally, under-nutrition accounts for >3 million deaths annually among children <5 years, with Kenya having ~35,000 deaths. This study aimed to identify factors associated with malnutrition in children aged <5 years in western Kenya.
Methods: We conducted a hospital-based unmatched case-control study between May and June 2017. Cases were defined as children aged 6-59 months with either z-score for weight-for-height ≤-2SD or ≥+2SD; weight-for-age ≤-2SD or ≥+2SD; or height-for-age ≤-2SD. Controls were children aged 6-59 months with age-appropriate anthropometric measurements. Cases were consecutively recruited while systematic random sampling was used to select controls. Data from interviews and clinical records were collected and entered into Epi-Info, which was used to run unconditional logistic regression analyses.
Results: A total of 94 cases and 281 controls were recruited. Of the cases, 84% (79/94) were under-nourished. Mother not having attended ante-natal clinic (OR=7.9; 95% CI: 1.5-41.2), deworming (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.4-1.2), and pre-lacteal feeding (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) were associated with under-nutrition. Delayed developmental milestones (AOR=13.9; 95% CI: 2.8-68.6); low birth weight (AOR=3.3; 95% CI: 1.4-7.6), and paternal lack of formal education (AOR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.3-18.9) were independently associated with under-nutrition.
Conclusion: Proper pre-natal care, child feeding practices and deworming programs should be enhanced to reduce pediatric malnutrition.
Figure 1