Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) is the mainly specifically human ability to move in sync with a periodic external stimulus, as in keeping pace with music. The most common experimental paradigm to study its largely unknown underlying mechanism is the paced finger-tapping task, where a participant taps to a periodic sequence of brief stimuli. Contrary to reaction time, this task involves temporal prediction because the participant needs to trigger the motor action in advance for the tap and the stimulus to occur simultaneously, then an error-correction mechanism takes the past performance as input to adjust the following prediction. In a different task, it has been shown that exposure to a distribution of individual temporal intervals creates a “temporal context” that can bias the estimation/production of a single target interval. As temporal estimation and production are also involved in SMS, we asked whether a paced finger-tapping task with period perturbations would show any temporal context effect. In this work we show that temporal context can indeed be generated during paced finger tapping as in other, simpler temporal tasks, and that the shape and size of the resynchronization curve after a period perturbation depends on temporal context. Response asymmetry is also affected by temporal context, thus evidencing an interplay between context and intrinsic nonlinearities of the correction mechanism. We conclude that temporal context calibrates the underlying error-correction mechanism in SMS.