Demographic Data of Respondents
Figure 1 below revealed that a total of 88(31.6%) of the participants for the study were medical students in Physiology Department, 80(28.8%) were students from Anatomy Department, 65(23.38%) were students in Nursing science and the remaining 45(16.19%) were students in medicine and surgery. Based on the academic levels of the students, 121(43.53%) were in 200level, 102(36.69%) were in 300level and the remaining 55(19.8%) were 400level students respectively. This showed that a very high percentage of the responses were gathered from college students in 200level.
Figure 2 below showed that 135(48%) out of the 278 sampled students falls within the age bracket of 22-25yrs. 80(29%) of the students are aged 18-22years, while the remaining 64(23%) are between the age range of 15–18 years. This showed that a high percentage of the respondents are still in their active reproductive age
Figure 3 below showed that 237(85.3%) of the respondents are Christians, 12(4.3%) persons were Muslim while the remaining 29(10.4%) of them belonged to the Traditional Religion. Could their religion have influence on the level of teenage pregnancy among medical student?
Inferential Statistics: Answering Of Research Questions
Table 1 below depicts a picture of the responses on relationship between parental income and teenage pregnancy. Out of the 5 items tested, it was revealed that all were accepted. Hence, items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively had a mean score above the bench mark of 2.50 and were adopted. This implies that teenage pregnancy is common among students whose parents earn low incomes or from poorer homes. Consequently, teenage pregnancy certainly affects students whose parents are struggling to support their medical education. In addition, consequences of teenage pregnancies are enormous among students whose parents have no employment and this often results to dropout of students from medical school. Based on hypothesis I formulated, it was observed that the parental income variable had a higher mean score of 110.3 with a standard deviation of 32.6 when compared to the teenage pregnancy variable that had a mean score of 28.8 with a standard deviation of 27.8. Hence, the result indicates that the r-calculated value of 0.828 is greater than the r-critical value of 0.440 at p < 0.05 levels of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis I is rejected. Therefore, we conclude that there is significant relationship between parental income and teenage pregnancy among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka.
Table 1
Relationship between Parental Income and Teenage Pregnancy
S/N | Statement | Mean | Decision |
1 | Teenage pregnancy is occurs frequently among students whose parents earn low incomes | 3.26 | Accepted |
2 | Teenage pregnancy is common among medical students from poorer homes | 3.14 | Accepted |
3 | Teenage pregnancy certainly affects students whose parents are struggling to support their medical education | 3.50 | Accepted |
4 | Consequences of teenage pregnancies are enormous among students whose parents have no employment | 2.35 | Accepted |
5 | Teenage pregnancy often results to dropout among medical students from low parental income | 3.42 | Accepted |
Aggregate mean | 3.13 | Accepted |
Variables | Mean (\(\stackrel{-}{\varvec{x}}\)) | Std. Deviation | df | r-cal | r-crit | p-value | Decision |
Parental Income | 110.3 | 32.6 | 18 | 0.828** | 0.440 | 0.003 | H0 Rejected |
Teenage Pregnancy | 28.8 | 27.8 | |
**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) |
The data analyzed in Table 2 below represents the relationship between education level of parents and teenage pregnancy among medical students. Five (5) items were used to analyze the statement, whereas, the result obtained clearly revealed that all the items tested were accepted. Hence, item 6–10 respectively had a mean score above 2.50, thus, were adopted. This implies that parents’ educational achievements has less impact on the incidence of teenage pregnancy, uneducated parents do not readily advice their children of the risk factor of teenage pregnancy; hence, teenage pregnancy is common among parents with no formal education. Meanwhile parents with formal education help teenagers to execute and coordinate their experience as well as helps students to be conscious of the risk associated with teenage pregnancy. It was equally observed that the r-cal value of 0.336 for the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis for Hypothesis II was less than the r-crit value of 0.440 at p > 0.05 levels of significance. Meanwhile, the education level of parent’s variable had a mean score of 118.4 with a standard deviation of 20.6 greater than the teenage pregnancy variable that had a mean score of 43.8 with a standard deviation of 13.8. Since, the r-critical value was greater than the r-calculated value, hence, the null hypothesis II formulated is accepted. This implies that there is no significant relationship between education level of parents and teenage pregnancy among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka.
Table 2
Relationship between Education Level of Parents and Teenage Pregnancy
S/N | Statement | Mean | Decision |
6 | Parents’ educational achievements has less impact to play on the incidence of teenage pregnancy | 3.55 | Accepted |
7 | Uneducated parents do not readily advice their children of the risk factor of teenage pregnancy | 3.17 | Accepted |
8 | Teenage pregnancy is common among parents with no formal education | 2.91 | Accepted |
9 | Parents with formal education helps teenagers to execute and coordinate their experience | 3.40 | Accepted |
10 | Educated parents often helps students to be conscious of the risk associated with teenage pregnancy | 3.46 | Accepted |
Aggregate mean | 3.30 | |
Variables | Mean (\(\stackrel{-}{\varvec{x}}\)) | Std. Deviation | df | r-cal | r-crit | p-value | Decision |
Education level of Parents | 118.4 | 20.6 | 18 | 0.336 | 0.440 | 0.343 | H0 Accepted |
Teenage Pregnancy | 43.8 | 13.9 | |
**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) |
Table 3 below shows the responses on relationship between parental occupation and teenage pregnancy among medical students. It was gathered that 3 items out of the 5 generated statements were accepted, which implies that item 11, 12 and 13 respectively had a mean score above the bench mark of 2.50 and were adopted, while item 14 and 15 had a mean score below 2.50 and was rejected. This implies that occupation of parents determines the incidence of teenage pregnancy and this affects student’s attitude towards teenage pregnancy, also, parents’ occupation status influences the knowledge of students towards consequences of teenage pregnancy. Result obtained with regards to Hypothesis III revealed that parental occupation variable had a higher mean score of 89.6 with a standard deviation of 55.9 when compared to the teenage pregnancy variable that had a mean score of 49.4 with a standard deviation of 23.9. Considering that the r-calculated value of 0.805 was greater than the r-critical value of 0.440 at p < 0.05 levels of significance, therefore, we conclude that there is significant relationship between parental occupation and teenage pregnancy among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka.
Table 3
Relationship between Parental Occupation and Teenage Pregnancy
S/N | Statement | Mean | Decision |
11. | Occupation of parents determines the incidence of teenage pregnancy | 3.45 | Accepted |
12. | Parents’ occupational background affects students attitude towards teenage pregnancy | 3.52 | Accepted |
13. | Parents’ occupation status influences the knowledge of students towards consequences of teenage pregnancy | 3.34 | Accepted |
14. | Parents that are employed are often victims of teenage pregnancy | 1.93 | Rejected |
15. | Parents that has no occupation have adequate time to supervise their children against teenage pregnancy | 2.27 | Rejected |
Aggregate mean | 2.90 | 3.30 |
Variables | Mean (\(\stackrel{-}{\varvec{x}}\)) | Std. Deviation | df | r-cal | r-crit | p-value | Decision |
Parental Occupation | 89.60 | 55.9 | 18 | 0.805** | 0.44 | 0.005 | H0 Rejected |
Teenage Pregnancy | 49.40 | 23.9 | |
**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) |
Table 4 below represents the statement on the relationship between parents’ religion and teenage pregnancy among medical students. It was obtained from the analysis that all the items generated, that is, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 respectively had a mean score above 2.50 and were accepted. Hence, this implies that students whose parents has value for religion are not victims of teenage pregnancy, religion is a powerful social force and provides a moral framework for socialization, in addition, students whose parents often conduct morning devotions are less likely to experience teenage pregnancy, also, students whose parents fails to have their marriage blessed in the church are likely to experience teenage pregnancy and students whose parents had mixed marriage are likely to experience teenage pregnancy. Considering Hypothesis IV; it was revealed that the r-cal value of 0.360 is less than the r-crit value of 0.440 at P > 0.05 levels of significance. Result obtained shows that parent’s religion variable had a higher mean score of 115.20 with a standard deviation of 31.5 when compared to the teenage pregnancy variable that had a mean score of 23.80 with a standard deviation of 21.3. Hence, the null hypothesis of is accepted. Therefore we conclude that there is no significant relationship between parents’ religion and teenage pregnancy among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka.
Table 4
Relationship between Parent’s Religion and Teenage Pregnancy
S/N | Statement | Mean | Decision |
16. | Students whose parents has value for religion are not victims of teenage pregnancy | 2.94 | Accepted |
17. | Religion is a powerful social force and provides a moral framework for socialization | 3.49 | Accepted |
18. | Students whose parents often conduct morning devotion are less likely to experience teenage pregnancy | 3.43 | Accepted |
19. | Students whose parents fails to have their marriage blessed in the church are likely to experience teenage pregnancy | 2.94 | Accepted |
20. | Students whose parents had mixed marriage are likely to experience teenage pregnancy | 3.51 | Accepted |
Aggregate mean | 3.26 | |
Variables | Mean (\(\stackrel{-}{\varvec{x}}\)) | Std. Deviation | df | r-cal | r-crit | p-value | Decision |
Parents’ Religion | 115.20 | 31.5 | 18 | 0.360 | 0.440 | 0.307 | H0 Accepted |
Teenage Pregnancy | 23.80 | 21.3 | |
**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) |
Table 5 below represents statements on the relationship between parents’ marital status and teenage pregnancy among medical students. Out of the 5 items generated, 3 of the items, that is, 21, 22 and 25 had a mean score above the bench mark of 2.50 and were accepted while the remaining 2 items; 23 and 24 respectively had a mean score below 2.50 and were rejected. This implies that students from broken homes and polygamous family are likely to engage in teenage pregnancy. Thus, poor parental supervision as a result of broken homes promotes likelihood of teenage pregnancy. The r-cal value of 0.626 for the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis for Hypothesis V was less than the r-crit value of 0.440 at p < 0.05 levels of significance. Meanwhile, the parent’s marital status variable had a higher mean score of 77.20 with a standard deviation of 50.9 greater than the teenage pregnancy variable that had a mean score of 61.8 with a standard deviation of 41.2. Since, the r-calculated value was greater than the r-critical value, hence, the null hypothesis V formulated is accepted. This implies that there is no significant relationship between parent’s marital status and teenage pregnancy among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka.
Table 5
Relationship between Parent’s Marital Status and Teenage Pregnancy
S/N | Statement | Mean | Decision |
21 | Students from broken homes are likely to engage in teenage pregnancy | 2.94 | Accepted |
22 | Students from polygamous family are likely to engage in teenage pregnancy | 3.49 | Accepted |
23 | Students from single parenting are likely to engage in teenage pregnancy | 2.13 | Rejected |
24 | Students who are orphans are likely to engage in teenage pregnancy | 2.12 | Rejected |
25 | Poor parental supervision as a result of broken homes promotes likelihood of teenage pregnancy | 3.29 | Accepted |
Aggregate Mean | 2.73 | |
Variables | Mean (\(\stackrel{-}{\varvec{x}}\)) | Std. Deviation | df | r-cal | r-crit | p-value | Decision |
Parent’s Marital Status | 77.20 | 50.9 | 18 | 0.626 | 0.440 | 0.053 | H0 Accepted |
Teenage Pregnancy | 61.80 | 41.2 | |
**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) |