The method employed is described as follows:
Description of the Study Area
The study area is the Central Motor Park, Itam. It is located within Uyo metropolis, the capital city of Akwa Ibom State. It is a major park in the city where commercial drivers operating within and outside state, load and offload goods and passengers. There are over a hundred functioning vehicles comprising of buses, cars, luxuries, trucks and so on. It is one of the busiest parks in Uyo, the capital city of Akwa Ibom State; a state whose major means of transportation is by road.
Research Hypotheses
- Drivers are not significantly knowledgeable about first aid.
- Drivers do not significantly practice first aid.
- Attitude of drivers towards the practice of first aid is not positive.
Research Design
This is a descriptive survey research design which aimed at exploring the knowledge, attitude and practice of first aid among commercial drivers at the Central Motor Park, Itam, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State.
Population of the study
The target population for this study was made up of drivers from the Central Motor Park, Itam, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.
Sampling Technique
A random sampling procedure was adopted for the study, with a total of 100 drivers being randomly selected. All the units in the park were grouped into five. The units were Northern route, Eastern route, Western route, Southern route and Intra-state route. Twenty drivers were selected from each unit, giving a total of 100 drivers who participated in the study.
Data Collection Instrument
The instrument used for data collection was a Likert scale questionnaire which consisted of two parts. Part A obtained the demographic information while part B consisted of questions on the knowledge, attitude and practice of first aid among the commercial drivers.
Data Collection Procedure
The questionnaire was administered personally to the respondents in their respective units to minimize the chances of loss. The drivers were instructed to tick where appropriate and to react freely, independently and honestly. The return rate of the questionnaire was 100% while the exercise took one day.
Data Analysis Plan
The data was presented in tables based on each of the hypotheses. The researcher adopted the chi-square (χ2) analysis. The hypotheses were all tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Analysis of Data and Discussion
Table 1: Sex of Drivers
Sex
|
Frequency
|
percent
|
Male
|
100
|
100
|
Female
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
100
|
100
|
Table 1 indicates that 100% of the respondents were male.
Table 2: Age of drivers
Age (in years)
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
18 – 29
|
15
|
15
|
30 – 49
|
45
|
45
|
50 – 59
|
35
|
35
|
60 and above
|
5
|
5
|
Total
|
100
|
100
|
Table 2 indicates the age of the drivers, thus; 15 (15%) were within the age of 18-29 years. 45 (45%) were within ages 30-49 years, 35 (35%) were within the ages of 50-59 years, while 5 (5%) were above 60 years.
Table 3: Educational Qualification of the Drivers
Qualification
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
FSLC
|
30
|
30
|
SSCE
|
41
|
41
|
OND/NCE
|
17
|
17
|
HND/B.Sc/B.A/B.Ed
|
12
|
12
|
Total
|
100
|
100
|
Table 3 indicates that 28 (28%), 39 (39%), 12 (12%) and 6 (6%) had first school leaving certificate, secondary school examination certificate, Ordinary National diploma/National Certificate in Education and Higher National Diploma/Bachelor’s degree respectively.
Table 4: Years of Experience of Drivers
Years of experience
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
1 – 5 years
|
10
|
10
|
6 – 10 years
|
15
|
15
|
11 – 15 years
|
39
|
39
|
15 years and above
|
36
|
36
|
Total
|
100
|
100
|
Table 4 indicates that 5 (5%), 15 (15%), 48 (48%) and 22 (22%) of respondents had 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years and 15 and above years of experience, respectively.
Table 5: Marital status of the Drivers
Marital status
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Married
|
63
|
63
|
Single
|
12
|
12
|
Divorced
|
19
|
19
|
Widowed
|
6
|
6
|
Total
|
100
|
100
|
Table 5 indicates that 63 (63%), 12 (12%), 19 (19%) and 6 (6%) of the respondents were married, single, divorced and widowed respectively.
Hypothesis 1: Drivers Are Not Significantly Knowledgeable about First aid
Table 6 presents the results of chi-square analysis of scores on knowledge of drivers about first aid. A test of hypothesis revealed that the calculated chi-square (χ2) value of 2.789 was less than the critical value of 3.84 with 1 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis was accepted. Thus, the drivers are not significantly knowledgeable about first aid.
Table 6: Analysis of Respondents on knowledge of First aid
Statement
|
Strongly agree
|
Agree
|
Strongly disagree
|
Disagree
|
Total
|
I know the meaning of first aid
|
18
|
20
|
25
|
37
|
100
|
I know the contents of a first aid box and their uses
|
10
|
18
|
42
|
30
|
100
|
I have been trained on first aid
|
5
|
7
|
48
|
40
|
100
|
I know that first aid can save life
|
18
|
25
|
35
|
22
|
100
|
Total
|
51
|
70
|
150
|
129
|
400
|
Hypothesis 2: Drivers Do Not Significantly Practice First Aid
Table 7 presents the results of chi-square analysis of scores on drivers’ practice of first aid. A test of hypothesis revealed that the calculated chi-square (χ2) value of 3.11 was less than the critical value of 3.84 with 1 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis was accepted. Thus, the drivers do not significantly practice first aid.
Table 7: Analysis of Respondents on Drivers’ practice of First aid
Statement
|
Strongly agree
|
Agree
|
Strongly disagree
|
Disagree
|
Total
|
I always have first aid kits in my vehicle
|
2
|
2
|
41
|
55
|
100
|
I have helped to save an accident victim
|
14
|
6
|
53
|
27
|
100
|
I can administer first aid on a victim
|
5
|
4
|
51
|
40
|
100
|
I can use the contents of a first aid kit to save a victim
|
3
|
6
|
47
|
44
|
100
|
Total
|
24
|
18
|
192
|
166
|
400
|
Hypothesis 3: Attitude of Drivers Towards the practice of First Aid Is Not Positive
Table 8 presents the results of chi-square analysis of scores on drivers’ attitude towards the practice of first aid. A test of hypothesis revealed that the calculated chi-square (χ2) value of 9.03 was greater than the critical value of 3.84 with 1 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. Thus, the attitude of drivers towards the practice of first aid is positive.
Table 8: Analysis of Respondents on Drivers’ attitude towards the practice of First aid
Statement
|
Strongly agree
|
Agree
|
Strongly disagree
|
Disagree
|
Total
|
I feel every driver should have first aid training
|
40
|
32
|
11
|
17
|
100
|
I am willing to administer first aid to an accident victim whenever the
need arises
|
30
|
45
|
14
|
11
|
100
|
I think accident victims should not be left for healthcare personnel alone
|
49
|
35
|
9
|
7
|
100
|
I feel first aid skills and knowledge should be a requirement for driving jobs
|
20
|
40
|
30
|
10
|
100
|
Total
|
139
|
152
|
64
|
45
|
400
|