Acknowledgments
This study was based on data from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan provided by the Sports Cloud: Information and Application Research Center of Sports for All, Sport Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not represent those of the Sport Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan.
Authors' contributions
YTC participated in the design, conducted the statistical analyses, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. PFL and CFL helped in conducting the study and revising the manuscript. AC and YCC helped to manage and analyze the data. CCH supervised the study and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
This study was under three years of an integrated research project, which mainly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 105-2627-M-030-002, 106-2627-M-030-002, 107-2627-M-030-002, 109-2410-H-030-059). The MOST provided financial supports, including the costs of the project. Besides, the cost of data analysis was supported by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan (FJU-A0108153).
Availability of data and material
The data that support the findings of this study are available from [the Sports Cloud: Information and Application Research Center of Sports for All, Sport Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of [the Sports Cloud: Information and Application Research Center of Sports for All, Sport Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan].
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was conducted with a secondary database provided by the Sports Cloud: Information and Application Research Center of Sports for All, Sport Administration, Ministry of Education in Taiwan. All consents obtained from the study participants were written prior the data collection. This study's design and analysis procedure was approved by the Ethical Committee of Fu Jen Catholic University (FJU-IRB-C108088).
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Participants were provided a study overview and oral consent was attained.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author details
1Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan. 2Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Ilan University, Yilan County 260, Taiwan. 3Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan. 4Air Permits Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, PO Box 13087 Austin, Texas, USA. 5Center of General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. 6Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan. 7Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health and Information Technology, College of Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan. 8Office of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.