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The Comparison of Water Intake Patterns and Hydration Biomarkers among Young Adults with Different Hydration Statuses in Hebei, China
Guansheng Ma
Peking University School of Public Health
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4597
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Nutrition & Metabolism.
Background: Water is essential for maintaining the functions of human body properly. Studies have shown that the amounts and contributions of fluids were associated with health and hydration status. The objectives of the study was that to explore the differences of water intake pattern and hydration biomarkers among young males and females in different hydration statuses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented among 159 young adults aged 18-23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24h urine and plasma were tested. Differences in optimal hydration (OH), middle hydration (MH) and hypohydration (HH) groups, divided by the osmolality of 24h urine, were compared.
Results: Totally, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. OH group had highest proportions of participants met the recommendations of TWI (total water intake) and total drinking fluids of China (34.5%, 36.2%), while HH group had lowest (7.7%, 0.0%). OH group had higher amounts of TWI, total drinking fluids, water and lower amounts of SSBs (sugar-sweetened-beverages) (p<0.05). The percentage of total drinking fluids in TWI decreased from 54.1% in OH group to 42.6% in HH group (p<0.05). OH group had higher and lower contributions of water and SSBs (sugar-sweetened-beverages) to total drinking fluids (p<0.05); produced 551~950 mL more, excreted significantly less quantity of solutes of urine (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in plasma osmolality among the three groups (p>0.05). Among both males and females, the amounts of TWI and water were higher in OH group than others (p<0.05). Males had 4.3% lower, 5.4% and 1.1% higher contributions of milk and milk products, SSBs and alcohol to total drinking fluids than females (p<0.05); males had higher volume of urine than females only in MH group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences of plasma osmolality between males and females in the same group (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Young adults with optimal hydration status had better water intake pattern and less concentrated urine. Females maybe have better water intake pattern than males.
Trial registration: Chinese clinical trial registry. Name of the registry: Relationship of drinking water and urination. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17010320. Date of registration: 01/04/2017. URL of trial registry record: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=17601&htm=4.
Keywords
Hydration biomarkers, water intake patterns, total water intake, total drinking fluids, water from food
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version (no preprint)
Posted 18 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 05 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 21 Sep, 2020
Published
On 06 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Sep, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
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This preprint is under consideration at Nutrition & Metabolism. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
The Comparison of Water Intake Patterns and Hydration Biomarkers among Young Adults with Different Hydration Statuses in Hebei, China
Guansheng Ma
Peking University School of Public Health
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4597
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version (no preprint)
Posted 18 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 05 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Nov, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 21 Sep, 2020
Published
On 06 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Sep, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Sep, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nutrition & Dietetics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Nutrition & Metabolism.
Background: Water is essential for maintaining the functions of human body properly. Studies have shown that the amounts and contributions of fluids were associated with health and hydration status. The objectives of the study was that to explore the differences of water intake pattern and hydration biomarkers among young males and females in different hydration statuses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented among 159 young adults aged 18-23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24h urine and plasma were tested. Differences in optimal hydration (OH), middle hydration (MH) and hypohydration (HH) groups, divided by the osmolality of 24h urine, were compared.
Results: Totally, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. OH group had highest proportions of participants met the recommendations of TWI (total water intake) and total drinking fluids of China (34.5%, 36.2%), while HH group had lowest (7.7%, 0.0%). OH group had higher amounts of TWI, total drinking fluids, water and lower amounts of SSBs (sugar-sweetened-beverages) (p<0.05). The percentage of total drinking fluids in TWI decreased from 54.1% in OH group to 42.6% in HH group (p<0.05). OH group had higher and lower contributions of water and SSBs (sugar-sweetened-beverages) to total drinking fluids (p<0.05); produced 551~950 mL more, excreted significantly less quantity of solutes of urine (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in plasma osmolality among the three groups (p>0.05). Among both males and females, the amounts of TWI and water were higher in OH group than others (p<0.05). Males had 4.3% lower, 5.4% and 1.1% higher contributions of milk and milk products, SSBs and alcohol to total drinking fluids than females (p<0.05); males had higher volume of urine than females only in MH group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences of plasma osmolality between males and females in the same group (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Young adults with optimal hydration status had better water intake pattern and less concentrated urine. Females maybe have better water intake pattern than males.
Trial registration: Chinese clinical trial registry. Name of the registry: Relationship of drinking water and urination. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17010320. Date of registration: 01/04/2017. URL of trial registry record: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=17601&htm=4.
Figure 1