Enablers
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Brief description
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References
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E-governance and policy (C1)
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This provides effective controlling and tracking of the sustainable AFSC practises by sharing efforts of government organisation, NGOs, CAP, food processing organisations and farmers by the means of third party type multi-tier and indirect governing mechanism.
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Wolvert et al., 2017; Armanda et al., 2019
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Education and training (C2)
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Technical training includes awareness of multi-tier sub suppliers about IoT technology, food regulation standards like Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Good Hygiene Practices (GHP),International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) for food product handling by maintaining social distancing and farmer to implement IoT based farming practices.
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Sharma and Vrat, 2018
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Top management support (C3)
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It insures funds, proper training, award/reward sharing and awareness program about technical (IoT technology) knowledge, food products handling practices, effective information sharing. It also provides PPE, gloves, mask for the workers. Thus, it ingrates sustainable initiatives to global SCM.
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Linton and Vakil, 2014; Irani and Sharif, 2016; Gupta and Ivanov, 2020
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IoT based infrastructure(C4)
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IoT based infrastructure is the availability and collaboration of each IoT based technology throughout the multi-tier AFSC. Different IoT technologies such as RFID tags and readers, Sensors, Blockchain, AI, BDA, Robotics, Cloud computing and Zig bee etc.
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Li et al., 2014; Saberi et al., 2019
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Setting of food quality standards (C5)
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Imposing the third parties’ food regulation standards by the means implementing various standardised practices or information within the food SC during the execution of various SC activities.
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Fanzo, 2015; Ben-Daya et al., 2019
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Information sharing (C6)
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Information sharing is prerequisite for exchanging ideas between different sub suppliers of multi-tier system. Further, information sharing improves food product recycling by proper information sharing between retailer, supplier and consumers.
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Fuglie, 2016; Saberi et al., 2019
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Coordination and collaboration (C7)
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Global standards based effective coordination and collaboration between food regulation authorities, food processing organisation, supplier, warehouse and consumers supports the identification of human and organisational risks related to agri food safety and security to ensure global sustainability.
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Luvisi, 2016; Nakandala et al., 2017
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Quality control of agri products (C8)
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It mainly depends on the 3D images of food grains and packed product based on the IoT based sensor technology 3D images of food items with study of their pattern recognised the quality control processes for better controlling of quality of agri products.
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Bosona and Gebresenbet, 2013
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E-farm marketing (C9)
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E farm marketing is the using of on-line portal for connecting farmer/food processing organisation to the big retailers connected to focal firms across the different countries. Improved information sharing based on RFID tags/readers and barcodes technologies also lead to E-farm marketing.
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Masiero, 2015;Manavalan and Jayakrishna, 2019
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Route optimisation (C10)
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It provides the optimum route to the consumers by using cloud computational technology which is for the optimisation of distributing network of different countries.
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Validi et al., 2014; Irani and Sharif, 2016
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Simulating the consumption pattern (C11)
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It provides simulation based big data analysis for matching the demand of consumers of globally located. Thus, it may predict for the planning of agri-food distribution to ensure agri-food security and safety.
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Badami and Ramankutty, 2015; Vanderroost et al., 2017
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Smart packaging of agri products (C12)
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It is AI based intelligent packing of agri products, so that a best before date may be decide to simulate the barcode with expiring date of agri products by considering ambient, environmental or climate condition and long distributing chain of multi-tier system across different countries.
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Ahmad and Mondal, 2019; Saberi et al., 2019
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Cold chain for perishable products (C13)
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Cold chain for perishable products is the development of IoT interfaced refrigerant facility. The refrigerant or cold chain intensity may be adjusted depending on the type of global climate in different countries, quantities of agri products e.g. food grains or perishable vegetables.
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Talavera et al., 2017; Benis and Ferrão, 2018
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Sustainable based competitive AFSC (C14)
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This system focused on AFSC processes by safe distributing, safe storage and reduction of food loss during natural epidemic outbreak (COVID 19) for ensuring competiveness with multi-tier sustainability at global level across different countries.
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Gupta and Ivanov, 2020; Li and Zobel, 2020; Gwynn-Jones et al., 2018
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