Crop post-harvest quality model is designed to dynamically and accurately simulate the quality change process. In this study, the relationship between morphological indices and fruit quality (external quality and internal quality) were quantitatively simulated, and the post-harvest quality and quality evaluation value simulation model were established for the first time with standardized stress accumulated temperature (\({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\)). The results showed: 1) There were significant linear relationships between the fresh weight and the volume, the darker value and the color value, the tan H and the color value, and the water content and the soluble solid content. There was a significant quadratic relationship between fruit density and fruit shape index. There was a significant logarithmic relationship between the tan H and the darker value. 2) The quality indices, including quality evaluation value, darkness value, color value, darker value, shape index, tan H and density, showed a linear change trend with \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\). The soluble solid content showed a quadratic function variation trend with \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\). 3) For each quality index, normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of each quality index and its evaluation simulation model based on \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\) were from 1.58 % to 17.85 %, which showed the post-harvest quality index and quality evaluation simulation have high accuracy. Generally, the model could systematically and quantitatively express the dynamic process of post-harvest quality of cucumber.