3.1. Collections of Sample
Twenty of types of grains samples (wheat, barley, corn, millet, mungbean, and rice), these samples were collected from different sites of Kerbala Governorate. The grains samples were labeled with special codes. The information complete about samples was written, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1. Grains samples from deferent sites in kerbala
No.
|
Type of grain
|
Sample code
|
Original
|
1
|
Wheat
|
G1
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
2
|
G2
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
3
|
Barley
|
G3
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
4
|
G4
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
5
|
Corn
|
G5
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
6
|
G6
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
7
|
Millet
|
G7
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
8
|
G8
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
9
|
Mung bean
|
G9
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
10
|
G10
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
11
|
G11
|
Iraq (Aoun)
|
12
|
Rice
|
G12
|
India (Gold)
|
13
|
G13
|
USA (Camolino)
|
14
|
G14
|
Iraq (Eayn Al-Tamr)
|
15
|
G15
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
16
|
G16
|
Iraq (Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbiu)
|
17
|
G17
|
India (Abu Araba)
|
18
|
G18
|
India (Royal)
|
19
|
G19
|
Iraq (Aoun)
|
20
|
G20
|
USA (Jasmine)
|
3.2. Preparations of Sample
After collecting the grains samples were transferred in nuclear laboratory in Kerbala university for preparation to measure gamma and alpha emitters. The preparation method of samples was done by several processing such as cleaned the samples, dried in an oven at 100 oC for 4 hours, crushed the samples, sieved by sieve for 2 mm mesh, weighted by digital balance, and put samples in marinelli beakers (I L) and plastic container (radius 5 cm, higher 7 cm) for measuring gamma and alpha emitters, respectably. Next, all samples were stored at least for1 month for getting secular equilibrium between radium-226 and radon-222 [11, 12].
3.3. Experimental Methods
In the present study, it was measured gamma emitters (Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potsium-40) using NaI(Tl) detection system and alpha emitters (Radon-222, Radium-226, and Uraium-238) using CR-39 detectors. The NaI(Tl) detector was a 3"×3" crystal dimension which it is calibrated using 137Cs, 22Na, 60Co, and 152Eu. There are three energies of spectrum used to find specific activity of gamma emitters according to secular equilibrium propriety which it is 1764.5 KeV for 214Bi (238U or 226Ra), 2614 KeV for 208Tl (232Th), and 1460 KeV for 40Ar (40K) [13]. A CR-39 detector has density 1.32 gm/m3, thickness 1mm and dimension 2.5×2.5cm2, which it is made by TASTRAK Analysis System, Ltd., UK. Also, it has special code that suited the TASL image system. The chemical etching procedure was carried out by NaOH with a 6.25 N at temperature 85oC [14]. CR-39 in the present study was calibrated factor using standard source 226Ra for different time exposure such as 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 days which it is equal (0.28±0.043) Track.cm2 /Bqm-3.day. The background radiation for two detection system (NaI(Tl) and CR-39) was measured at same container and time for sample measurements that used in the present study.
3.4. Theoretical Equations
3.4.1. Gamma emitters
The specific activity (A) for gamma emitters that depend on many parameters as shown in Equation (1) was found by following [15,16]:
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQQAAAA8CAYAAACAVsR+AAAKMklEQVR4Ae2ai5EUORBE1wVswAV8wARswAU8wAM8wAIswAEcwAN8mIt3dzlbK0qfmemPtJsVMdHd+lalqlIl7T5dLEbACBiB/xF4MhJGwAgYASFgQhASfhoBI3AxIdgJjIARuCJgQrhC4RcjYARMCPYBI2AErgiYEK5Q+MUIGAETgn3ACBiBKwImhCsUfjECRsCEYB8wAkbgioAJ4QqFX4yAETAh2AeMgBG4ImBCuELxOl5+//59+fz58+X79+/LGPT169d/dUZ3y7kILEkIP3/+vDw9Pf31+/jx4+XXr1/nInri7Nj+/v37vzAAF/CiLorKqdtLCPZyrd69e3f59OnT5c+fP9dpWdNM92sDvxyCwH6esLP6X758eeHg7C4fPny44ORvUQguAo3AKoU6BWWsV3ksK/tu8c26kLVImA9dIYsolEMKkShivd/3R2AJQsCZynSSwIcUotDuFkJgR42OGsda7Z3gYtfNhECjjiCM9iqjyPpsWQYZ/fjx48WQBH5JCDSAPLLyF539sRsC0xMCDvzt27e/AIi7ITsKbSgrjww4Ik6GU8oJI5Ew/mtwQGyr3RtgHz9sBSMJ7SNBqHzLJ+sB9hLdcbAmWSbAOmKL5RwEnlfqnPmbsxLM2Y4vJ1MazBMHK7MI+lMnQtE3zyg44N5pc5xv63fsxs6aDWADZsJN9pM11EhkKx3BPq4T75BQRgbMiQ20qdVvpZfHyRGYlhBwiGzHxwycDCeX4Oja/VXGk/5x9685G+VxvDjGCu+yK9NVOKoOnHS0AJ+SRNWOp8YtA7r8pl1NmCtmZCLlWh/NWauvzePybRCYlhAI5Cw7wOzSyShj14lBLceKDl8SSYSQQNl7t4zzbfkuW7MxsUkEQL12bJFo1mfLMkhHGYnGBetIEirnKVtMCBGV496nJYTMkQRLVgcZRAKBUNjJJOyULUdskYXGmPWpIMrSbIgyEh1twAWsjro/iHpp/pi5RVxliwkhonLc+3PEHDdndyYcmKDPROdgORkZAI6Nk8ediDEooz1t2JEghNgmjk8btY/lK7xL9zKIwCgjTzIGbI1EsYedJcmyFhA3OqFzJiIErW/WxmX7ITAlIeCwMc2V+TgJOxvOHH+0zYJBbSGMEUfDWWuprHSY9ZkdeWQ/WEXROb4WlLHtve86ksR1gghYi9a8ZA7YYjkHgZeeco4Of82K47C7bCnlbpWNDRnEe4iszaxlrTuXWXXO9AL/2nEia++ybRGYjhB0JCh3/EfNJovo7f46Zjw61xn9dTzYGrcjbSFzITvwceG/y1V8lnjoCRkX2eAWR8DDCQH2L1PYaPBe6Sxzsvu0ANaxYtWgUpresjFiPdP7yrpvjSOBja9mxAhOWR1tOY7xe0QOJQSYjB2A4KydI3uE8Yixvb7ohG61i8de/xnqsQGn2GK3OMoejnO9u4WjdDl7HjYjjswZGSg2WhsqmcIjx+1DCQFle7uwjD5rYQAbHSxG4AwEagHNcZeNSvFT0402NUKp9YnlhxECiiqdIehqaTnnJkA5S3qEIMKiXet3lv6ed10ElKHWsmcs6xECbSCEezPEQwiB9CdeFrUIATKYmRDWdTdrPjsCBDGx0ZIRQiB+ehfotTnas9d63ViudEfdMLp2zmkRQmtHvqdO+sQn4+x5ZLhHT/dpZ2O34hPXe6Z3/K63GY4SQm+cmt27E4IMKBetFnQtQqgZsWU5etZ0Yx7qSluy7y118lhvA4E3QQj8iaS8taesFnTcIVB/lvQI4Sy9PO/rR4CY6Pm+NtgWGo9sqrtmCJmBuk/QBWNpGH0IyrPEhHAW8p535A6BzRUfbV08QgjT3SFwR4DiXCbGf5RBWcq5CYXtShkhBMCgb9a/HO+Wb93ylhnNLWO4rRG4FwH5XxbskIViR/HDd4wtzUv91H9lkKIjzxEGxFgIBbLZUpSObU00W+o441iRoDNnnlHnWXUiyNkU7xXih9jI/rFpZMzzcvOKdjAeDNcLSlKi2rGjMnS3eCRl6w4y2IDA6QVPb1F79YOq/NusNVarjs7C7d6dqTV+q+4W+1Zpi98/EtDcQdT+gjeCwXSEgNIA0mPJRw3PwIFkepc6Wb97yrg87dkI4dVIr1V3qz4QE5hn6Sdl1PXIC9xquvb0IdPLUlzIgHGzut6YK9djL3bfSoZb+MSUhECw8GtJzCJwWpg1c2jGwJmVcQByzblZhHsvY1q6xjrm1v0KT/Sq6aOAKAON71GH6WEj3XDCkhREBr2ARM97swPmz+ap2S599aRvxK/Ek3p+qwl2EAMjuoMVR43eOo1gMCUhyDlrBgAWDiiJAaYyngIKRwcwdiICif6l4FSMObIAZd9bvrENHZgLnXoLWQbGKBmoHzYzhzBo6SrcFUT0GXEy3fsw573CnJpPupdEWI4tLOhHH+wUtqwn9ZSB9SNpdDnva/5+jqrJrGSRa7f9pNosNMLC854FuRxEjkq/SCTRZBwGZzpCbp1LASJCkz0tXZmD9hLwGQlukYKCU/1bTwVmq81InUgBvXtkwLqjK3ahK5mdcGGN4+7KuvaOZyP6vYU20xJCDPpyIQh0FlyBJUeI7bRr4TiS1pg44UjAaKxHnuh+69GEAMHRR/sRXLKJoMkwymxQUBJkEbusrcqYZ1Qv9cme6KgdvrYZlP3wgagrOoNT7E99/C7H8PczAtMSAs7BQmY7PwuO4+CI/DLBQcsdv7ZTQARl22zMrcpKh+2Nq107Pkf6QJz6Eeg9UUBCPtr1e0SiAMzWqTdfWa85FeQjOkOu9JOAUfQJxgBvyxgCUyMFq+PQUXA8FpiFpl7vtInOq0BQXxyFtqXj0gcHKsvVb+un9JeuetbmEQkoOHhClJTXRH3iDt+bh3pIMQaXArTVl+DdIuDKuWSD7K7ZWmLBOJCEJGaFLTvU/q0/pyYEFocFxukkLDBOIOGdNvxiWkiGQB1l9OGH45ZOQT/qjhIRgvSKzlvqUAuKHiloh6U/82Ff3DXLeTIyUBvwgShK3KiHcBg3kjK6UaaMi358x7XR2HrW5qjZr37MxdyR+Jgr+gsbAxhTxniWNgLTEwLq4zBadAI9BjCLzKJHh8MJ+dEPZ1BQyEkFCX1oc6RIL3TGDr5rgm21HZLyloMztrIkgqE1D3UR01Kfmp7CnnkUhGDNeMoa6NvDuDY+erQwYP0ioTIvukTMaENZ9I/SPn8/I7AEITyr23/DKcgMRCD0UJmctj+KWzyKgHbuGLCPjun++yPw6ghBaSTBz27FzkBmUEt794f4bc4AIZAZQMaWdRB4dYQA9EolR1PmdZZrHU0hBAjZshYCr5IQ1lqC16ctxzXI2LIeAiaE9dZseo25+OVnWQ8BE8J6a2aNjcBuCJgQdoPWAxuB9RAwIay3ZtbYCOyGgAlhN2g9sBFYDwETwnprZo2NwG4ImBB2g9YDG4H1EDAhrLdm1tgI7IaACWE3aD2wEVgPARPCemtmjY3Abgj8A6/DkEbso+ZGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
where, N is area of under photopeak, B is the areas under photopeak background. t is counting time which it is equal 18000 secs, ε is the efficiency of the detector, Iγ is the probability of gamma emission, and m is the mass of sample.
Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq) and Internal hazard index (Hin) due to gamma emitters that calculated using equations (2) and (3), respectively [17, 18]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
While, the annual effective dose (AED) in grain samples of the present study was calculated using equation (4), as following [19]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
where, I mean consumption rate of grains samples in unit (Kg/y) which taken from previous studies [20-26], Ai is the specific activity for gamma emitters, and CFi is conversion factor in unit Sv/Bq that equal 2.80×10-7 for 238U (226Ra), 2.30×10-7 for 232Th, and 6.20×10-9 for 40K [27].
Also, it was calculated threshold consumption rate (DIthresh) in grains samples using equation (5), as following [28]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
where, Eave is equal 0.320 that means an acceptable limit of annual effective dose [5].
Finally, for gamma emitters theoretical equations, can be calculated Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) using equation (6) [15, 28]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
where, DL is life expectancy (70 y) while RF is fatal risk factor in (Sievert) and it is pegged at 0.05 per Sievert.
3.4.1. Alpha emitters
222Rn Concentrations that measured in the airspace of container (C) and within samples (CRn), were determined by equations (7) and (8), respectively, as following [29, 12]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
where ρ is the track density which determined by TASL device, T is time irradiation for sample with CR-39 detector in container which was equal 90 days, K is calibration factor, λRn is rador-222 of the decay constant which equal 0.1814 1/day, h is distance of samples to CR-39 detector, and l is higher of samples in container.
While, equation (9) was used to find the effective radium content in sample (CRa) as following [5]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The uranium concentration (CU) in samples of the present study in unit (ppm) was calculated using equation (10), which depend on secular equilibrium propriety between uranium-238 and radon-222, as following [30]:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The equation (11) was used to determine AED due to alpha emitters in food samples which depend on many parameters such as specific activity of radon-222, radium-226 and uranium-238 in sample (CAlpha) in unit (Bq/kg), consumption rate of samples (I) in unit (Kg/y), and conversion dose factor (CF) in unit (Sv/Bq), as following [30]
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Where, the values of conversion dose factor are 3.5 nSv/Bq [27] for radon-222, 280 nSv/Bq [31] for radium-226 and 45 nSv/Bq for uranium-238 [31]. Finally, can be determined ELCR using equation (6).